The reaction can be written as: ATP ® ADP + Pi + energy The regeneration of ATP from ADP requires energy‚ which is obtained in the process of oxidation. The energy released in the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats initiates a complex series of chemical reactions that ultimately regenerate ATP molecules from ADP molecules. The complete oxidation of a typical molecule of fat results in the formation of about 150 molecules of ATP. ATP was discovered in muscle tissue by scientists in Germany and
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V. HAZADOUS WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS Presently‚ the hazardous waste treatment technologies are highly developed from the decade before due to the more environmental and ecosystem concerning. Moreover‚ hazardous waste not threaten only environment but also to human hygiene and health. However‚ one of the most dangerous hazardous waste is dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Addition‚ DDT is used as a majority pesticide during agriculture revolution period‚ and also uses to regulate Malaria in developing
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decomposition of calcium acetate or the carbohydrate fermentation of corn starch or molasses. The ready availability of propylene in the 1960s led to routes based on the dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol or cumene peroxidation. (1) By Cumene Oxidation (Hock Process). Propene is added to benzene [71-43-2] to form cumene [98-82-8]‚ which is then oxidized by air to cumene hydroperoxide‚ and cleaved in the presence of an acid catalyst like zeolite. Phenol [108-95-2] and acetone [67-64-1] produced
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UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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release large amounts of energy. However‚ the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is essentially the same reaction as combustion‚ but the oxidation of glucose occurs in several controlled steps. The same amount of energy is ultimately released‚ but it is gradually released in small‚ controlled amounts. High potential energy molecules of ATP are produced while the carbon atoms are used to form
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endproduct. Respiration occurs in three major stages: 1) Glycolysis – occurs in the cytoplasm for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • One glucose (6C) is broken into two 3C molecules – 2 pyruvic acids (pyruvate) • One oxidation step produces two molecules of reduced coenzyme – 2NADH • One step produces energy in the form of ATP – 2ATP • The pyruvic acids continue to the next stage – the Krebs Cycle • The 2 NADH proceed to the third stage –
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period I 5-12-11 Iron-Gall Ink I. Objective: The objective of this lab was to make our own ink and write an elemental haiku. We had to mix numerous amounts of liquids to make the ink. II. Materials: First we needed to get safety glasses to protect our eyes from any chemicals‚ we could have used aprons but we didn’t really need to. A hot plate to heat up the water. 200 ml tap water‚ three 250 ml beakers‚ one heat-proof glass funnel. Filtered paper‚ vinegar‚ hydrogen peroxide‚ a
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exchanged in double displacement reactions. EXOTHERMIC REACTION :-- Reaction in which heat generated is called exothermic reaction. ENDOTHERMIC REACTION :-- Reaction in which energy is absorbed is known as endothermic reaction. Oxidation and Reduction OXIDATION :-- Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or
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grouped into: saturated‚ poly-unsaturated‚ mono-unsaturated and trans. Macronutrients‚ Oxidation and Energy Fats‚ carbohydrates and proteins are regarded as macronutrients because the body usually extracts other nutrients from them. In addition to supporting body growth‚ development and repair‚ macronutrients give us energy. This energy is measured in calories. When fat‚ carbohydrate and protein undergo oxidation‚ carbon-dioxide‚ water and energy are released. But according to Cleveland Clinic‚ fat
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Chronoamperometry is one of several electrochemical techniques which quantify the oxidation or reduction current of electroactive molecules at an electrode. Oxidation or reduction can be induced by changing the applied voltage at the working electrode. The concentration of the electroactive molecules is proportional to the current produced by their oxidation or reduction‚ which allows one to determine the concentration of electroactive neurotransmitters and other biological molecules of interest
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