Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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Chemistry Book Notes: Chapter 21: Buffers and the Titration of Acids and Bases 21-1 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation THE HH EQUATION OFTEN CAN BE USED TO CALCULATE THE pH OF A BUFFER SOLUTION -buffer >a solution containing both a weak acid and its conjugate base can resist a change in pH by neutralizing either an added acid or an added base. Ex. acetic acid-acetate soln (acid with conj. Base) > Kc for a buffer reaction can = 1/Ka or 1/Kb if you add an acid or base because
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Sir Safar Lecture 2 Finals Pentose Phosphate Pathway (S. 70) Alternative pathway for glucose oxidation. Similar to glycolysis‚ but instead of having pyruvate as the end product it is diverted to other pathways. Supplier of energy to the cell in the form of NADPH (a reducing power for biosynthesis). It is also referred to as hexose monophosphate shunt. *Fate of glucose 6-phosphate (G 6-P) IN THE PPP (S. 71) Taken out from glycolysis and converted into Ribulose 5-phosphate. With the conversion
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1.1: Thesis outline Purines breakdown by the body will form a chemical called uric acid. Uric acid mostly can be found in foods and drinks like dried been and pears. Normally‚ most of the uric acid dissolves in blood and move from blood to the kidneys. High level uric acid kidney or blood caused some bad effect such as leukemia‚ hyperuricemic and lymphoma. Therefore‚ the electrochemical method (graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode method) are introduced to detect the uric acid in human
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Severe weather conditions such as hail and storm • Excess snowfall on the roof for a long duration of period • Natural wear and tear or oxidation from UV rays • Insufficient maintenance • Ignoring small leaks for quite a number of days or weeks These damages can appear in a number of ways‚ including leaks‚ flipping‚ curling‚ excessive oxidation. The best part of a cedar roof is that it can be restored easily by hiring a professional contractor.
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nitrogen(V) oxide e. dinitrogen pentoxide 3. 13 atoms a. How many atoms are represented by the formula Ca(HSO4)2? 4.0 mol b. How many moles of oxygen atoms are in a 0.50 mol sample of this compound? +6 c. Assign the oxidation number to sulfur in the HSO4 _ anion. 4. Assign the oxidation number to the element specified in each of the following: +1 a. hydrogen in H2O2 _1 b. hydrogen in MgH2 0 c. sulfur in S8 +4 d. carbon in (CO3)2_ +6 e. chromium in Na2Cr2O7 +4 f. nitrogen in NO2 5. c‚ b‚ d‚
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squalane within media groups. This further supports the general growth-enhancing effects of the substance‚ but does not conclusively demonstrate its mechanism. Unfortunately‚ the third experiment in which acrylic acid was used to inhibit the β-oxidation pathway did not clarify the origin of this effect. The absence of difference between growth of samples with acrylic acid‚ with and without squalane is ambiguous in its interpretation. This may mean that the
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Redox reactions (Redox terminology‚ galvanic cells‚ standard electrode potentials‚ strength of oxidizing/reducing agents‚ corrosion and protection against it) Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons and reduction is defined as the gain of electrons. Oxidizing agents‚ such as oxygen are defined as substances which accept electrons; reducing agents are substances which donate electrons. Redox reactions are: a) The reactions of metals with non-metals 2Na+Cl2→2Na+Cl- b) The reactions
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this reaction. The conversion of light energy can go through two pathways: noncyclic and cyclic. In noncyclic light transport‚ both Photosystems II and I are involved producing ATP and NADPH. Photosystem II absorbs 680 nm of light energy‚ with the oxidation of water; chlorophyll absorbs light‚ entering an excited state and becomes very unstable. It quickly returns to ground state by releasing the absorbed energy to another chlorophyll. The chlorophyll then oxidizes an electron‚ which goes into the electron
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considered as a measure for TOC [83]. The TOC content was measured 22.15 mg l -1 . An oxidation experiment was carried on 100 ml of the same IC solution of 10 -4 mol l -1 of pH = 8 with H 2 O 2 of 0.025 mol l -1 in the presence of CAT1 with a concentration of 80 mg l -1 . The dye and its colored conjugated products are very rapidly decolorized within 1 hr and left for another hour for complete oxidation. The catalyst was separated by filtration and the filtrate was acidified‚ purged‚ and
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