New cells arise by division of existing cells Cell division occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells by mitosis and meiosis Replacement of the entire lining of your small intestine Liver cells only divide for repairing Nerve cells do not divide Chromosomes Long and thin for replication and decoding Become short and fat prior mitosis → easier to separate due to compact form Meiosis (reduction division) During the production of sex cells (gametes) in animals In spore formation which precedes
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energy. They consist of only one single sugar molecule. A simple sugar can have a carbon backbone of three to seven carbons. Glucose‚ with six carbon atoms‚ is a hexose (Mader‚ 2010). Ribose and deoxyribose‚ both with five carbon atoms‚ are pentoses and are also found in RNA and DNA. A disaccharide contains two monosaccharides that have joined together during a dehydration reaction. Sucrose is a disaccharide of distinction because it’s the basic sugar we use at home as table sugar (Mader
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consist of three parts --- a pentose sugar‚ a nitrogen-containing base‚ and a phosphate group. A pentose sugar is a five-sided sugar. Deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom attached to its #2 carbon atom (designated 2’)‚ and ribose has a hydroxyl group atom there. Deoxyribose-containing nucleotides are the monomers of DNA RNA Nucleotide [pic] The left picture shows the nucleotide unit of RNA. Nucleotides differ from nucleosides in that they have phosphate groups. Nucleotides can exist
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Basic chemistry of a cell Properties of water – – – Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before spreading onto land. Modern life‚ even terrestrial life‚ remains tied to water. All living organisms require water more than any other substance. Human beings for example‚ can survive for quite for a few weeks without food‚ but only a week or so without water. – – – Water is deceptively simple. It is shaped something like a wide V‚ with its two hydrogen atoms joined
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• A phosphate group III. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) A. Has a double helix B. Composed of repeating Nucleotides connected together C. Guanine → Cytosine D. Thymine →Adenine E. Linked by hydrogen bonds F. Sugar and phosphate make up the side of the ladder IV. Scientists A. Francis Crick and James Watson → Acclaimed for the discovery of the double helix structure and used Rosalind Franklins Work B. She used mathematical formulas and applied them to machine Question 1 Phosphate‚ Pentose
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formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi)‚ and needs energy. The overall reaction sequence is: ADP + Pi → ATP‚ where ADP and Pi are joined together by ATPsynthase Energy is often released in the form of protium or H+‚ moving down an electrochemical gradient‚ such as from the lumen into the stroma of chloroplasts or from the inter-membrane space into the matrix in mitochondria. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‚ abbreviated NADP+ (or‚ in older notation‚ TPN (triphosphopyridine
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DNA‚ as we all know‚ is esteemed with the title of ‘Master Molecule ’. The three letters of DNA denotes of deoxyribonucleic acid .Now the thing that we ponder on is why DNA is so important to us. Why are the researchers & scientist persistently working on DNA? Why it is so important to know the tiniest details of DNA structure and function.?The simplest answer for “Why Is DNA Important?” is that DNA is the prerequisite for life’s inception. Firstly‚ it transfers hereditary information from
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solution with one hydroxyl group to form a cyclic compound (hemi-acetal or hemi-ketal). Monosaccharides are classified by the number of carbon atoms in the molecule; trioses have three‚ tetroses four‚ pentoses five‚ hexoses six‚ and heptoses seven. Most contain five or six. The most important pentoses include xylose‚ found combined as xylan in woody materials; arabinose from coniferous trees; ribose‚ a component of ribonucleic acids and several vitamins; and deoxyribose‚ a component of deoxyribonucleic
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Finalized Notes Cells are small membrane bound units filled with concentrated aqueous solution of chemicals and given the ability of reproducing itself by dividing. Thus for this purpose the cells are the fundamental unit of life. If cells are modified to specific specialization they cause the cell to lose its ability to reproduce‚ as a result they end up depending on other cells for the basic needs. In all living things genes are stored in the DNA molecule‚ encoded in the same chemical code
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Sept 27‚ 2010 Chapter 4 * With four valence electrons‚ carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms * This tetra valence makes large‚ complex molecules possible * Fundamental groups: Alkanes and Alkenes * The electron configuration of carbon gives it covalent compatibility with many different elements * The valences of carbon and its most frequent partners (hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ and nitrogen) are the “building code” that governs the architecture of living
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