Human Physiology ZOOL 2404 Instructor: Dr. Gollahon Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education‚ Inc.‚ publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Introduction Chapters 1 and 2 Study strategies crucial for success Attend all lectures‚ labs‚ and study sessions Read your lecture notes and text materials before listening to the audio or watching the video lectures Devote a block of time each day to your Physiology course Set up a study schedule and stick to it Do not procrastinate!
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through living systems. i. Endergonic – “inside” input of energy ii. Exergonic – output of energy Central Dogma of Molecular Biology 1. DNA replication – DNA to DNA 2. Transcription – DNA to RNA 3. Translation – RNA to protein 4. Reverse Transcription – RNA to DNA Biochemistry encompasses organic chemistry‚ genetics‚ physiology (study of function)‚ microbiology‚ medical research‚ nutrition‚ biophysics‚ cell biology. Cell Fundamental and Structural unit of all
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BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY A STUDENT’S SURVIVAL GUIDE Second Edition HIRAM F. GILBERT‚ Ph.D. Professor of Biochemistry Baylor College of Medicine Houston‚ Texas McGraw-Hill Health Professions Division New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto • • • • • • • • • • • • BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY‚ 2/E Copyright © 2000‚ 1992 by the McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. All rights
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Ribosomes are found on the surface of this structure. Central Vacuole Rough ER Chloroplasts ~Golgi Bodies 8. The function of the nucleus is to produce proteins. contain the cytoplasm. ~contain and replicate DNA. add sugars to proteins. 9. The function of ribosomes is to synthesize RNA. DNA. lipids. ~protein. 10. Which of the following structures maintains cell shape‚ anchors the organelles‚ and moves parts of the cell? Hydrogen bonds ~Cytoskeleton Cilia Golgi
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Macromolecular Composition of the Liver Cell Formal Report Aims The aim of the experiment was to test for the presence of DNA‚ RNA‚ protein and glycogen in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of bovine liver cells. From the findings of the results the distribution of these macromolecules can be shown within the liver cell. This was carried out by undertaking qualitative experiments‚ where the observation of a colour change was noted and a quantitative experiment‚ where numerical data was recorded from
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Phospholipids and proteins Factors that affect permeability Polarity – net charge Cannot get across easily Ions –Hydrophilic Hydrophobic cores restricts polar molecules Permeable to… Small and hydrophobic (nonpolar) molecules Regulation of permeability Facilitated diffusion Proteins transports: Channel and carrier proteins Active transport Uses energy across gradient Phosphorylation of Na+/K+ protein pump Activated by the transfer of phosphate group to a transport protein High K inside
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consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom. • Macromolecule: a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules‚ usually by a dehydration reaction. Polysaccharides‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids are macromolecules. • Polymer: a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds. • Monomer: the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer. • Condensation (dehydration)
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I. INTRODUCTION Synthesis Acetylsalicylic acid is an acetyl derivative of salicylic acid which appears as a white and crystalline and a weakly acidic substance with a melting point of 135°C and is also known to be aspirin. It is one of the most widely used drugs that can lower fever and is used as a painkiller. According to (Escobel‚ 2011)‚ Aspirin is synthesized through the reaction of salicylic acid with acetyl anhydride that causes a chemical reaction that turns salicylic acid’s hydroxyl group
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Acids & Protein Synthesis (Assignment 1) Start date Interim Deadline Date Final deadline Date Assessment criteria achieved P1; M1; D1; Assessor Feedback Target grade Working grade Assessor signature Date Assignment brief moderated by: J. Farnand Date: 10 June 2014 Assignment Internally Verified by: Date: Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis (Assignment
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All cells replicate DNA by template directed polymerization into an intermediate form RNA 3. Capable of regulated metabolic activity a. Through macromolecular catalysis 4. Capable of protein synthesis a. The machinery of protein synthesis is conserved among all cells (MOSTLY RNA) b. The mechanism of protein synthesis is also conserved c. Three domain (archae‚ bacteria‚ and eucaryotes) evolutionary model emerged from studies of the sequence of non coding RNA (t-RNA & r-RNA) 5. Capable of autonomous
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