dispersion forces). The magnitude pof Van der Waals force depends on the relative molecular mass‚ high mass produces a larger force. Boiling points of the alkanes data and alkenes data These very clearly illustrate the effect of increasing Van der Waals attractions as the relative molecular mass increases. The influence of branching in the alkanes can also illustrate the effect of different surface areas on the Van der Waala forces (the more branching the lower the b.p) Dipole-dipole forces --
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13C NMR with 4 peaks‚ so the compound would need to have a five-carbon chain. With the assumption that the structure was five-carbon chain‚ it could be deduced that the structure was either a primary or secondary alcohol because straight chained alkanes cannot make tertiary
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Fluid Catalytic Cracking Fluid catalytic cracking* (FCC) is the most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling hydrocarbonfractions of petroleum crude oils into more valuable [1][2][3] gasoline‚ olefinic gases and other products. . Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons for conversion of heavy fractions into lighter fractions was originally done by thermal cracking which has been almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking because
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* Unsaturated: Carbon compounds in which more than one pair of electrons are shared between two carbon atoms. Based on the nature of the carbon chain they are grouped as‚ * Chain form * Branched form * Ring form Alkane‚ Alkene and Alkyne…….. Alkane: Saturated hydrocarbons. Represented by a general form >> CnH2n+2 Alkenes: Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Double bond between two carbon atoms. Represented
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chloride was synthesized through the use of separation (aqueous and organic layers) and distillation. Tert-butyl chloride is the alkyl halide which is being synthesized throughout the course of the experiment. Alkyl halides are derived from alkanes. Once an alkane has its original hydrogen atom replaced with a halogen‚ it is now considered an alkyl halide (UC 2016). This experiment utilizes chlorine as the halogen that takes the place of the hydrogen atom. Alkyl halides are versatile‚ and with little
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industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration‚sedimentation‚ and distillation‚ biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon‚ chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. Nowadays‚ people who sell purified water sells water expensive. In this study‚ we would like to propose if using malunggay seeds would purify water. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The
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.......................................................................................................... 13 Evolution of Regulated Testing ................................................................................................... 13 Chlorination and Selection ........................................................................................................... 14 EPA Testing ..........................................................................................................
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3-perylenepentanol‚ M4 39‚ 51 To a solution of 3-perylenepent-4-ynol‚ M3 (0.32 g‚ 0.957 mmol) in THF (20 mL)‚ Pd/C (600 mg‚ 3 wt% on activated carbon) was added. Nitrogen gas was turned off‚ hydrogen gas balloons were used to supply H2 gas to the flask. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 h under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture and the Pd/C was removed by filtration. Solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 3-perylenepentanol as yellow solid
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1) What is the purpose of ice or cold water? To cool down the gas so that it condenses and turns into a liquid. 2) when the gas collecting tube is upside down‚ give a property of this gas. It is less dense than air. 3) Why is a pencil used in drawing the origin line in chromatography? If pen was used‚ it will dissolve giving colours and so‚ the experiment won’t be accurate. Pencil doesn’t interfere with the results. 4) When using ethanol‚ give a better apparatus arrangement‚ and why? Cover
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Chemistry Unit 1 – Revision Questions Chemistry 1A 1) Define an element. How many are there in the Periodic Table? 2) Write a table with the charges and masses of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. 3) Define atomic number and mass number. 4) Draw electron (energy level) diagrams for Be‚ S‚ Al‚ Cl and K. Also‚ write down the number of protons and neutrons for each. Finally‚ write the symbols (with mass no. and atomic no.) 5) Why have all Group 7 elements (halogens) got similar chemical properties
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