Solution of Sodium Hydroxide: Introduction: In a lot of cases it isn’t possible to prepare a solution by accurate weighing of the solute‚ dissolving in water and diluting to volume. There are many possible reasons for this‚ but in the case of sodium hydroxide‚ the solid absorbs moisture from the air‚ and also reacts with carbon dioxide from the air. In that case‚ it cannot be accurately weighed in air. In an experiment like this‚ a solution of the approximate required concentration was prepared
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BENZOIC ACID & BENZOATES (210 –218) • Retards growth of bacteria and yeasts • Occurs naturally in many foods – a similar distribution to salicylate (but at a lower dose than as an additive) • Common food sources: Soft drink‚ cordial‚ fruit juice and cider Liquid essences and syrups Iceblocks‚ jelly‚ low joule jam‚ dips‚ pickles‚ olives Fish marinades and preserves • PABA (para-amino-benzoic-acid)
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Acid-Base Titrations A Titration of Potassium Hydroxide Phthalate and Sodium Hydroxide Hanna Piper Department of Chemistry‚ SUNY College at Brockport‚ Brockport‚ NY 14420 Chemistry 205.06 Abstract Titrations are used to find the molarity of an unknown solution. A titration begins with an analyte and titrant being used to measure the unknown molarity of the analyte. In the following experiment‚ sodium hydroxide was used as the titrant and potassium hydroxide phthalate was used as the
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Nitric acid is a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in making fertilizers‚ explosives‚ and rocket fuels‚ and in a wide variety of industrial metallurgical processes. It is also a component of acid rain. Its chemical formula is HNO3 and it has been known as “aqua fortis”‚ which means strong water‚ to alchemists. It is a transparent‚ colorless to yellowish‚ fuming corrosive liquid. Nitric acid is a strong acid and therefore it completely dissociates in water. It has a gravity of 1.41 and the concentration
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Titration Lab A Titration is a process of the concentration of one solution being determined by its reaction with either a standard solution or a known quantity of solid dissolved in solution. It may also be used to calculate the molar mass of an unknown acid or base. Purpose: I. Prepare a standard solution of sodium hydroxide II. Standardize a sodium hydroxide solution by using potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) III. When given whether the acid is monoprotic‚ diprotic‚ or triprotic ‚ determine
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Advantages: Sulfamic acid is the fastest de-scaler - It dissociates into hydroxonium ions more readily in aqueous solution than the others‚ therefore giving a greater concentration of atoms that are able to react with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce chlorine gas [5]‚ which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. Disadvantages: Sulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de-scalers. Q2) How these de-scalers
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Separation of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography Chromatography is a common technique for separating chemical substances. The prefix “chroma‚” which suggests “color‚” comes from the fact that some of the earliest applications of chromatography were to separate components of the green pigment‚ chlorophyll. You may have already used this method to separate the colored components in ink. In this experiment you will use chromatography to separate and identify amino acids‚ the building blocks of proteins
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Formic acid is known to be the simplest carboxylic acid‚ and it is an important factor in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally. The chemical formula for Formic Acid is CH202‚ and is mostly found in the venom of bee and ant stings. Formic acid is clear and colorless with a pungent odor. Formic acid is used in many ways; Formic acid is used to preserve livestock. It is also sprayed on animal food and fresh hay to reduce the decay rate. It can also be used as a pesticide to protect bee
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Enzymes are biological molecules (proteins) that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life. Enzymes are catalyst for biochemical reactions; Enzymes lower the activation ATP so a reaction can begin over the energy barriers. In this lab‚ a discussion of the enzymes reaction to heat will be addressed. Does heat speed up the enzyme reaction? The prediction is as more heat is applied more reactions will occur then at some point the heat will denature the enzyme as it reaches too
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order of their reactivity based on displacement reactions‚ reduction of their oxides by hydrogen or carbon‚ the relative ease of decomposition of their compounds and reactions with oxygen‚ dilute acids and water. The higher up a metal is in the reactivity series‚ the more reactive it is. In the experiment conducted‚ the three metals‚ magnesium‚ zinc and copper each had to undergo displacement reactions and reactions with water‚ oxygen and dilute acids‚ to arrange them in the order of their reactivity
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