BIO 225 – Exam 2 Review Sheet Chapter 9 1. Know the anatomy of the structures that make up the prokaryotic cell. Know their functions. Know any clinical significance each structure might have and if it is a target for antibiotics. (On separate sheet) 2. Know the differences between Gram positive and Gram negative cell walls. * Gram positive cell wall * In addition to many layers of peptidoglycan‚ the cell wall of Gram-positive bacterials cells also contain: * Teichoic
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Unit 2 Lecture Study Guide 1) What are the parts of an atom? Where are the subatomic particles found? Parts of an atom- divided into two basic regions: 1. the central nucleus (contains heavy particles) 2. the electron cloud (contains very light‚ moving particles) Subatomic particles: 1.Protons (found in the central nucleus) 2.neutrons (found in the central nucleus) 3.electrons (spin rapidly in a cloud around the central nucleus) 2) How does the Atomic Mass # differ from the Atomic
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genera‚ Possibly hazardous cultures‚ and‚ Non – quantitative. Keeping the above points with respect to the conventional methods‚ rapid molecular diagnostic tests have been developed. Molecular diagnostic tests include PCR‚ immunoassays‚ and DNA/RNA probe technology [1]. FUNGAL DISEASES Unlike viral pathogens which are breaking headlines in the news‚ it has often been said that fungal diseases are a silent epidemic [2]. Fungal diseases normally affect immune – compromised hosts‚ patients
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the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm. A) Transfer RNA Answer: B B) Ribosomal RNA Diff: 1 Page Ref: 105 C) Synthetase enzymes 16) Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences. D) ATP Answer: A E) Messenger RNA Diff: 1 Page Ref: 105 17) Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page
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structural genes. Regulatory genes control transcription with positive or negative signal. (Jacob‚ and Monod‚ 1961) A positive signal‚ inducer‚ would stimulate binding of RNA polymerase by binding to the operator gene and transcription would occur. A negative signal‚ repressor‚ would not have any transcription occurring as it would not allow RNA polymerase to bind to promoter. This control of gene expression allows organism to not waste energy producing enzymes not needed. (Murray‚ 2012) The lac operon
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bacteria‚ such asEscherichia coli and Klebsiellaparticularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against Aerobic bacteria (not obligate/facultative anaerobes) andtularemia. | * Hearing loss * Vertigo * Kidney damage | Binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit)‚ inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA‚ leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. | Gentamicin
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and biochemistry and biological complexity. John W. Peters and Loren Dean Williams in the article: The Origin of Life: Look Up and Look Down attempt to illustrate the origin of life by some different theories or worlds such as Iron Sulfur World and RNA World and also from very early life on earth to extant life. Life on earth‚ seen after approximately 4 billion years of evolution‚ clearly emerged in an environment with the inherent capacity to produce many of the small molecules required as enzymatic
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Cytoplasmic granules-small particle that floats in cytoplasm Made of ribosomal DNA and proteins Found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic ells. Processes protein synthesis-process in which proteins are made of amino acids. For protein synthesis you need a ribosome and messenger RNA. Ribosome takes code out and pairs it with amino acid. Composed of 2 different subunits (small and large) The 2 units combine when they get to the messenger RNA Free ribosomes (in or on endoplasmic retulum) and bound ribosome’s
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The nucleus main function is to contain instructions for growth‚ work and maintenance of the cell‚ it controls nearly all the activities of the cell. "A smaller‚ darker sphere is often visible‚ the nucleolus‚ this is a source of ribonucleic acid (RNA) one of the nucleic acids" [2]. When a cell is not dividing (known as resting) this is called the chromatin network and the nuclear material appears like a thick‚ triangle mass. When a cell is in the process of dividing‚ the chromatin network separates
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strove to discover how life began‚ and the processes that might have occurred in order to develop and create the world we are now familiar with today. Recent discovered functions of RNA have suggested that RNA provides a crucial framework in the evolution of the first cells‚ which may have been assembled from RNA comprised of nucleotides. Sidney W. Fox‚ a scientist at the University of Miami produced membrane-bound structures known as proteinoid microspheres. These microspheres can carry out some
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