The Endosymbiont Hypothesis and the evolution of the Chloroplast and Mitochondria Dr Lynn Margulis is seen as the first person to have put forward the Endosymbiont Hypothesis which is based on a theory which explains the likely origin of the mitochondria and chloroplast (plants) in eukaryote organisms which we observe today. Dr Margulis received evidence from all over the world and from many scientific researchers and experiments‚ Margulis simply had to put all the evidence together to form her
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training past 2-3 minutes (aerobic fitness) If you train past 2-3 minutes in 60-85 minutes 3-6x a week for 6-8 weeks you will store more O2 in muscles More fit people CV system will kick in closer to 2 minutes Individuals will be able to shorten the resources they use in that period of the time line leaving more later when they have to later speed up and go back to the beginning With more stores in first 0-2 seconds of timeline we can do more work With better CV (aerobic) fitness the CV system is
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in TSA. Aerobic and anaerobic analysis of Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 From the aerobic and anaerobic analysis (Figure 1C)‚ the result showed that the growth of G. antarctica PI12 was ameliorated with oxygen. The blue line indicated the growth of G. antarctica PI12 with oxygen and the red line indicated the growth of G. antarctica PI12 without oxygen. The result can be improved by reducing the aeration for anaerobic testing in order to obtain much significant difference against aerobic
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Strength Training Concepts in Rehabilitation Muscle Physiology Physiological changes of training Testing - Evaluation Strength training concepts Return to function - Core Muscles Muscle Physiology Muscle Structure Fiber Type Muscle Contraction Energy Systems Force of Contraction Physiologic changes of training Skeletal Muscle Structure Motor Unit Mitochondria produce energy ATP Sarcolemma muscle fibers membrane Sarcomere contractile unit of
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Components of fitness & training methods Components of fitness Aerobic endurance- the heart’s ability to deliver blood to working muscles and their ability to use it (e.g. running long distances) Muscular endurance- is the ability of a muscle or group of muscle‚ to work continuously/for a long time without tiring. Flexibility- The range of movement at/across/around a joint Speed- Moving the whole body part of the body very quickly/in a short time. Strength- The maximum force a muscle/group of
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The effect of acute exercise on the Musculoskeletal‚ Energy‚ Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Andrew White Musculoskeletal System There is an increase in blood supply as your body is working overtime. The blood supply has to increase because it has to go to the parts in your body which you are exercising the most e.g. If you are taking a run‚ the blood supply will increase because your legs will need more energy‚ therefore there will be more blood circulating your legs than normal because
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releases the molecules of Carbon‚ Hydrogen‚ Oxygen and Nitrogen which make up our food and are stored to higher cells known as ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). There are three biochemical energy sources for rebuilding ATP. Although the aerobic system produces the largest amount of energy that muscles needs‚ however the energy is at lowest intensity. This creates complex reactions
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seconds of work is possible for using this type of system. Aerobic energy system: This type of system produces carbon dioxide and water which will not affect the muscles ability to contract. The aerobic energy system produces the largest amounts of energy‚ although at the lowest intensity. So at the start of exercise the body cannot deliver oxygen to the muscles fast enough to initiate the complex chemical reactions which occur during aerobic
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There are two forms of cellular respiration that are called aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and anaerobic doesn’t‚ but they both use glucose to make ATP. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. Aerobic respiration occurs slowly but makes a lot of ATP compared to anaerobic respiration‚ which occurs faster but makes only a little amount of ATP. Prokaryotic cells
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Winogradsky column description Introduction The experiment of Winogradsky column is to observe microbiology interaction of microbes using pond mud. The aim of this paper is to describe structural and chemical features in Winogradsky column and to show the acknowledgement of microbial cells in Winogradsky column. Materials of experiment Pond mud Calcium sulfate Calcium carbonate Shredded paper Pond water Cylinder Aluminum foil Methods 1. Prepare pond mud 2. Add calcium sulfate
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