endocrine functions Pancreas‚ gonads‚ placenta Other tissues and organs that produce hormones Adipose cells‚ thymus‚ and cells in walls of small intestine‚ stomach‚ kidneys‚ and heart Chemical Messengers Hormones: long-distance chemical signals; travel in blood or lymph Autocrines: chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them Paracrines: locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them Autocrines and paracrines are local chemical messengers;
Premium Hypothalamus Endocrine system Hormone
is activated by the rise in blood temperature and is responsible for for controlling the mechanisms that will decrease the blood temperature. Efferent nerve impulses are sent from the hypothalamus to multiple different corrective mechanisms to try to decrease the blood temperature and maintain it at approximately 37℃. The efferent nerve impulses causes the smooth muscles to relax and as a result‚ opens up blood capillaries near the surface of the skin. This is known as vasodilation as the blood
Premium Heart Skin Hypothalamus
Picking up a box from the floor and placing it on a shelf Light entering the eye forms an upside-down image on the retina. The retina transforms the light into nerve signals for the brain. The brain then turns the image right-side up and tells us what we are seeing. Our brain then computes to pick up the box. When a message comes into the brain from anywhere in the body‚ the brain tells the body how to react. the brain as a central computer that controls all bodily functions‚ then the nervous
Premium Brain Retina Eye
It gives a quicker response than g-protein coupled receptors. However it closes quickly and it typically only lets in K+‚ Cl- and Ca2+. G-protein coupled receptors have ligands that bind to them and that activates the receptor and then the G-protein goes and actiavates another molecule so the G-Protein acts as a secondary messenger. This can take longer than the transmitter-gated ion channels
Premium Action potential Neuron Signal transduction
and intracellular stress signals.These signals include genotoxic stress signals‚ ribosomal stress‚ oncogenic activation‚ and psychological stress signals. They function through distinct signalling pathways to regulate the ability of MDM2 to bind with p53‚ MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity‚ and the cellular localization of MDM2. The ability of MDM2 to export p53 to cytoplasm is blocked by the phosphorylation of MDM2 at these two positions. Genotoxic stress signals such as Ionizing radiation (IR) and
Premium Protein DNA Gene
of a sensory receptor d. Transduction of the stimulus e. Generation of nerve impulses iii. First-order neurons: from PNS to CNS f. Integration of sensory input 3. Sensory Receptors g. Types iv. Free Nerve Endings: bare dendrites v. Encapsulated Nerve Endings: pressure‚ vibration‚ some touch vi. Separate Cells: specialized 1. Hair cells for hearing and equilibrium 2. Gustatory receptor cells for taste
Free Sensory system Sense Action potential
mechanisms (Waugh and Grant 2010).). Homeostasis is regulated by the nervous and endocrine system and there are three mechanisms involved in homeostatic regulation; receptor is the first mechanism involved. The role of the receptor is to monitor the environment and respond to any changes. If there is a change the receptor will send signals along the afferent pathway to the control center‚ the second mechanism involved in regulation. It is here that the control center establishes a set point at which
Premium Homeostasis Insulin Physiology
- These stimuli activated nociceptors that located in skin‚ muscles‚ joints‚ bones and viscera. - There are types of nociceptors depend on responses: 1) mechanical‚ 2) thermal‚ 3)chemical‚ 4)polymodal and 5)silent. - These nociceptors have different categories depend on location
Premium Psychology Nervous system Brain
What are the equations for a. b. atmospheric fixation c. biological fixation 2. 3. Why is unused ammonia or nitrate dangerous 4. Nitrate reductase d. e. Describe the structure f. How is it activated g. How does it perform its job h. How is it regulated 5. How are the levels of nitrate diff in parts of a plant 6. What are steps of the assimilation of nitrogen 7. What are the two types of GOGAT and what’s the difference
Premium Photosynthesis Plant physiology Water
system allows the ECM to precisely control the opening and closing of the throttle valve based on drivers input and is also interrelated with chassis control ECUs such as Traction Control and Vehicle Stability Control (Skid Control ECU). Introduction The Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor (APPS) detects the accelerator pedal position (driver input) and sends a signal to the ECM. Based on the input from the APPS and other ECUs (ABS‚ TRAC and VSC)‚ the engine ECM directs the Throttle Control Motor to
Premium