Biol GOD Notes. First Edition 1 L. Leong 2012 Chapter 1: Molecules of Life Cell Theory ∝ All living things are composed of cells and the products of cells ∝ Cells are the basic functional unit of life ∝ All cells arise from pre-existing cells Living Things Unicellular: consisting of one cell Multicellular: composed of many cells ∝ All living things: grow and develop‚ regulate metabolic processes‚ move‚ respond to stimuli‚ reproduce AUTOTROPHS: manufacture their own organic carbon compounds
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cells share; however‚ there are also important differences among various cell types (for example‚ animal cells vs. bacterial cells) • [Figure 3-23] The inside of a cell is loaded (crowded‚ packed) with molecules including RNA‚ ribosomes and proteins. o A cell is already packed‚ even with these few components; without even considering other organelles and components present in cells‚ the cell is already crowded; crowding changes the behavior of cellular components • Many different
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Relevance of Ricin and Ribosomes Most foods from the four food groups contain protein. Protein is manufactured by the ribosome. In contrast to ribosomes‚ ricin breaks up proteins and blocks protein synthesis. In that perspective‚ ribosomes can be seen helpful and ricin as useless and lethal to a somatic cell. Luckily‚ since ricin can stop protein synthesis‚ ricin is being experimented to block diseases’ protein synthesis. After blocking the disease cells‚ ricin needs to be controlled from harming
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Denaturation is the alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress (for example‚ by applying heat‚ acid or alkali)‚ in such a way that it will no longer be able to carry out its cellular function. See also: Plants & Animals Cell Biology Genetics Molecular Biology Matter & Energy Biochemistry Organic Chemistry Thermodynamics Denatured proteins can exhibit a wide range of characteristics‚ from loss of solubility to communal aggregation. Proteins are very long strands of amino
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category: * The respondents felt that herbal shampoos need to be used in large quantity for lather and that the protein content is important for making hair strong‚ shiny and soft. * Respondents chose their shampoo based on their hair type and texture. * They feel that protein by no means is harmful for their scalp or skin. * They reported that most of the herbal shampoos are rich in protein and also felt that hair oil is better than shampoos for thicker‚ longer and darker hair. * They reported that
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to produce energy which are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and alcohol which is not considered a basic nutritional component of food. Protein is a compound that’s made up of amino acids that are joined by peptide bonds. It is considered the most important molecule which can come in two forms‚ complete proteins and incomplete proteins. A complete protein includes all of the amino acids that we humans can’t produce ourselves. An incomplete protein only includes small proportion of one or more amino
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Proteins provide our bodies with the amino acids that cannot be produced within the body. Through the process of digestion‚ food is broken down into essential amino acids that can be used for protein synthesis. In essence‚ proteins build up‚ maintain‚ and replace tissues in your body. For instance‚ proteins help make hemoglobin which carries oxygen to all the parts of your body. Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. The amino acids can then be reused when the body needs protein
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The CFTR protein‚ which is created by the CFTR gene‚ has a molecular weight of 168‚173 daltons and in length‚ is 1480 amino acids long. This variation in genes is located in chromosome 7 of humans. Because most people have two of the CFTR gene which creates the CFTR proteins‚ a person can be completely healthy with a mutation in the gene‚ as long as at least one of these genes are unchanged from the normal state. Without the cystic fibrosis variation of the CFTR gene‚ the CFTR proteins created by
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What is the minimum you need to know about proteins 1. Made of long strings of amino acids 2. 20 amino acids all with different properties‚ hydrophobic‚ hydrophyllic polar‚ and hydrophyllic charged (+) and (-) 3. Two amino acids (AA)are linked by dehydration synthesis 4. Primary‚ secondary‚ tertiary and quaternary structures 5. Proteins can be enzymes‚ cell signals‚ structural or hormones 6. A protein has direction‚ the first is the N terminus where you find an amino group. The last is the
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into messenger RNA through transcription and translation. DNA is split through transcription and then it is translated to match into RNA. 2 How is the RNA molecule a “script” for the protein production process? RNA is a script for the protein production process because they set the RNA up to translate into a protein. 3 What is the function of hemoglobin in the body? Hemoglobin functions in the body by giving oxygen to the blood. Conclusion 3.2.2 4 Describe (in words) the effect of the mutation.
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