Biomechanics.
Functions of the skeleton:
The skeleton provides the body’s bony framework. Its four key functions are:
1. To provide shape and structure
2. To protect the body’s organs
3 With muscle allows the body to move
4. To store calcium and produce blood cells
JOINTS:
A joint is where two bones meet. They are characterized by the amount of movement they allow. There are three main groups:
1. Immobile: Where the bones are jointed together and don’t move. eg: Bones of the skull
2. Cartilaginous:
Where the bones are jointed together by a thick pad of cartilage which act as a shock absorber. eg: Vertebrae of the spine
3. Synovial:
They are extremely mobile and complex and are primarily involved in the movement of the body. eg: shoulder, knee fingers, hip etc
SYNOVIAL JOINTS:
These are classified by the amount of movements they allow. At year 11 we will look at 4 of the synovial joints even though there are 6 types.
Types of Synovial joints: 1. Ball and Socket: Hip and shoulder joints.
Allows multiple movements in all directions.
2. Hinge: Elbow, ankle, knee and finger joints.
Allows you to bend or straighten in one direction only.
3. Saddle: Joint at the base of the thumb, between the carpels and metacarpals.
Allows to and fro and side to side movement.
4. Condyloid: Between forearm and wrist.
Movement occurs in two directions at right angles to each other.
Identify the joint movement:
Elbow:
Bending the arm: Flexion
Straightening the elbow Extension
Hip
Bringing the leg up to the stomach Flexion
Moving from a sit to a stand Extension
Doing the splits sideways Abduction
Bringing the leg back to kick the ball Extension
Knee:
Bending Knee Flexion
Moving from a sit to a stand Extension
Wrist:
Turning a card over Supination
Snapping wrist after a basketball shot : Flexion
Ankle:
The skeleton provides the body’s bony framework. Its four key functions are:
1. To provide shape and structure
2. To protect the body’s organs
3 With muscle allows the body to move
4. To store calcium and produce blood cells
JOINTS:
A joint is where two bones meet. They are characterized by the amount of movement they allow. There are three main groups:
1. Immobile: Where the bones are jointed together and don’t move. eg: Bones of the skull
2. Cartilaginous:
Where the bones are jointed together by a thick pad of cartilage which act as a shock absorber. eg: Vertebrae of the spine
3. Synovial:
They are extremely mobile and complex and are primarily involved in the movement of the body. eg: shoulder, knee fingers, hip etc
SYNOVIAL JOINTS:
These are classified by the amount of movements they allow. At year 11 we will look at 4 of the synovial joints even though there are 6 types.
Types of Synovial joints: 1. Ball and Socket: Hip and shoulder joints.
Allows multiple movements in all directions.
2. Hinge: Elbow, ankle, knee and finger joints.
Allows you to bend or straighten in one direction only.
3. Saddle: Joint at the base of the thumb, between the carpels and metacarpals.
Allows to and fro and side to side movement.
4. Condyloid: Between forearm and wrist.
Movement occurs in two directions at right angles to each other.
Identify the joint movement:
Elbow:
Bending the arm: Flexion
Straightening the elbow Extension
Hip
Bringing the leg up to the stomach Flexion
Moving from a sit to a stand Extension
Doing the splits sideways Abduction
Bringing the leg back to kick the ball Extension
Knee:
Bending Knee Flexion
Moving from a sit to a stand Extension
Wrist:
Turning a card over Supination
Snapping wrist after a basketball shot : Flexion
Ankle: