growth and development
Meaning of Growth and Development
Hurlock (1982)
Differentiates growth and development in this manner:
Growth refers to the quantitative changes – increase in size and structure. An individual grows physically as well as mentally.
Development refers to the quantitative changes. It may be defined as progressive series of orderly, coherent changes: progressive because the changes are directional, they lead forward rather than backward – orderly and coherent, because a definite relationship exists between a given stage and the stages which precede or follow it.
Maturation and Learning
Development – is the product of maturation and learning.
Maturation – is the unfolding of traits potentially present in the individual because of hereditary quality
Learning is development that comes from exercise and effort.
Maturation Principles. Cox (1970) presents seven principles of maturation and describe each, thus:
1. Learning depends upon the biological basis being present as well as the opportunity practice.
It is physically impossible to teach a child to walk until his legs are strong enough to support his weight and the motor control is sufficient for him to coordinate his legs.
2. Chronological age and maturational age although related are not synonymous.
A perfectly normal child may be able to walk with support while another perfectly normal child of the same age is still in the sitting stage.
3. Although overall maturational development is forward and continuous, the parent should expect to see plateaus and regression in the child’s development.
Many children take a few steps by themselves, then sit down and not walk again for several weeks.
4. The more biologically mature a child is, the easier for him to learn a given task.
5. The child usually gives signals indicating maturational readiness for a given task.
The child whose legs are growing strong enough
Hurlock (1982)
Differentiates growth and development in this manner:
Growth refers to the quantitative changes – increase in size and structure. An individual grows physically as well as mentally.
Development refers to the quantitative changes. It may be defined as progressive series of orderly, coherent changes: progressive because the changes are directional, they lead forward rather than backward – orderly and coherent, because a definite relationship exists between a given stage and the stages which precede or follow it.
Maturation and Learning
Development – is the product of maturation and learning.
Maturation – is the unfolding of traits potentially present in the individual because of hereditary quality
Learning is development that comes from exercise and effort.
Maturation Principles. Cox (1970) presents seven principles of maturation and describe each, thus:
1. Learning depends upon the biological basis being present as well as the opportunity practice.
It is physically impossible to teach a child to walk until his legs are strong enough to support his weight and the motor control is sufficient for him to coordinate his legs.
2. Chronological age and maturational age although related are not synonymous.
A perfectly normal child may be able to walk with support while another perfectly normal child of the same age is still in the sitting stage.
3. Although overall maturational development is forward and continuous, the parent should expect to see plateaus and regression in the child’s development.
Many children take a few steps by themselves, then sit down and not walk again for several weeks.
4. The more biologically mature a child is, the easier for him to learn a given task.
5. The child usually gives signals indicating maturational readiness for a given task.
The child whose legs are growing strong enough