The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction‚ the horner-emmons wittig specifically‚ reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine
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Intermolecular Bonding Essay Write an essay on intermolecular bonding. Explain how each type of bond arises and the evidence for the existence of each. Comment on their strengths in relation to the types of atoms involved; the covalent bond and relative to each other. Use the concepts of different types and strengths of intermolecular bonds to explain the following: There exists four types of intermolecular bonding‚ they include ionic‚ covalent‚ Van der waals and hydrogen bonding. In order to
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Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and its Identification by Infrared Spectroscopy Eim A. Chemist CHEM 303 June 16‚ 2005 INTRODUCTION “Essential oils” are the volatile components associated with the aromas of many plants.1 In this experiment‚ the essential oil eugenol (the main component of oil of cloves) will be isolated from ground cloves using the technique of steam distillation‚ which is often used to isolate liquid natural products from plants.2 The principle
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hybridization greater contributing structure? filled valences more covalent bonds minimize charge separation charges on atoms of appropriate EN NOTE: Hybrid looks like major contributor ON MIDTERM TRY THESE: CH3N3 O3 CH3CO2 Chapter 2 Saturated alkanes: maximum of C-H bonds Representations ball + stick line
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Jr.‚ 2013). This reaction is best used for making six membered rings with different functional groups. The reaction is called a 4+2 cycloaddition because a ring is formed by four pi electrons in the diene interacting with two pi electrons of the alkene or alkyne (Wade‚ Jr.‚ 2013). In this experiment anthracene was used as the diene and considered to be electron rich in the reaction. Maleic anhydride was the electron poor dienophile used in the reaction. The reaction converted two pi bonds into two
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positive result for the chloride test. Bromine Br2 (l or aq) A dark red liquid - orange-brown fumes‚ yellow-orange aqueous solution. The other common orange-brown gas is nitrogen dioxide (i) Shake with a liquid alkene. (ii) Mix with silver nitrate solution. (ii) Decolourised. See alkene test. (ii) Cream ppt. of silver bromide as in the test for bromide. (i) Forms a colourless organic dibromo-compound >C=C< + Br2 ==> >CBr-CBr< (ii) Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq) ==> AgBr(s) Any soluble bromide gives
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6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page ii 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page i 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page ii 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/15/07 2:14 PM Page iii ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Second Edition DR. DAVID R. KLEIN Johns Hopkins University JOHN WILEY & SONS‚ INC. 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 Marketing Manager Production Manager Production Editor Cover Designer 5:02 PM Page iv Amanda Wygal Pamela
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Multiple Choice Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) 0620/01 October/November 2008 45 Minutes *6400528663* READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction fluid. Write your name‚ Centre number and candidate number on the
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Blood is the best known as significant evidence in modern criminal justice. Blood evidence is important to an investigator because it can link a victim to a suspect (Locards Exchange Principle). Bloodstain patterns can reveal a great deal about the position and movement during the crime. Blood has managed to destroy self-defense arguments from the suspects. The fluid portion of the blood consists of plasma and serum while the non-fluid portion consists of red blood cells. Blood is composed of water
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bromide with the carbonyl compound. However‚ before any of this could be done‚ the refluxing apparatus for the Grignard reaction was to be flame dried until no moisture remained inside because any water would cause the reagent to decompose and an alkane to form. The reaction would subsequently fail. Drierite was placed inside a plastic drying tube as a drying agent‚ absorbing all the moisture from the solvents that would later be refluxing in the apparatus and coming out into the atmosphere. After
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