Oxidation of an Alcohol: Oxidizing Methoxybenzyl Alcohol to Methoxybenzaldehyde Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT Oxidize methoxybenzyl alcohol to methoxybenzaldehyde‚ using sodium hypochlorite as the oxidizing agent and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as the phase-transfer catalyst. Monitor the progress of the reaction by thin-layer chromatography. BACKGROUND REQUIRED You should be familiar with extraction‚ evaporation‚ and thin-layer chromatography techniques
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Chemical Earth 1. The living and non-living components of the Earth contain mixtures Construct word and balanced formulae equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered 1. Build a word equation Reactants on left‚ Products on right 2. Convert word equation into chemical formula for the reactants and products Using valency rules 3. Balance the equation Adjust coefficients to get equal numbers of each kind of atom on each side 4. Specify the physical state for each species present
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Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and its Identification by Infrared Spectroscopy Eim A. Chemist CHEM 303 June 16‚ 2005 INTRODUCTION “Essential oils” are the volatile components associated with the aromas of many plants.1 In this experiment‚ the essential oil eugenol (the main component of oil of cloves) will be isolated from ground cloves using the technique of steam distillation‚ which is often used to isolate liquid natural products from plants.2 The principle
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Experiment2: Preparation of Dibenzalacetone Aim: Using the cabon-cabon bond making ability in carbonyl chemistry‚ Dibenzalacetone is synthesized from 2 equivalent of benzaldehyde and 1 equivalent of acetone in a base catalyzed reaction. Physical Data1: *detailed risk and safety phrases are attached. substance Hazards‚ risks and safety practices MW (g/mol) Amt. Used Mol. mp (K) bp (K) density(g/cm^3) acetone R11‚ R36‚ R67‚ S9‚ S25‚ S26 58.08 0.24 g 0.004 178.2 329.4 0.79 benzaldehyde R22
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Separation techniques LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ‘THE ART OF SEPARATION’ CHROMATOGRAPHY – AN INTRODUCTION Chromatography is a technique through which a mixture of chemical components are separated‚ identified and determined accurately. This technique while provides a way for analytical separations‚ also useful for preparative techniques by which pure compounds can be obtained. Detector Signal Blue Compound Sample Injection + Mobile Phase Retention Time Red Compound It is i defined d fi d as a
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CHAPTER I AIR POLLUTANTS: SOURCES AND CONTROL OF GASES Introduction: 1. According to the World Bank‚ in 2007 air pollution cost about 3.8% of China’s 2. gross domestic product‚ mainly from diseases and loss of lives. 3. World Health Organization estimates that in India alone about 500‚000 premature deaths are caused each year by indoor air pollution. 4. Serious respiratory disease-related problems have been identified for both indoor and outdoor pollution in major cities of several countries. 5.
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classes namely: Saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are the simplest type of organic compounds. They are hydrocarbons in which all carbon- carbon bonds are single bonds. An example of a saturated hydrocarbon is an alkane. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds like double bonds‚ triple bonds‚ or both. Saturated and Unsaturated hydrocarbons have similar physical properties‚ but their chemical properties are different
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Combustion of Acetylene (ethyne) Rx: Back Why I don’t do acetlyene explosions in our lab.... Combustion of alkanes A quick review.... • Combustion reactions of alkanes consist only of C and H (hydrocarbon) • require O2(g) as a reactant • produce CO2(g) and H2O(g) and a large amount of energy!! Oxygen can be the limiting reagent which can lead to Incomplete combustion. For complete combustion of a hydrocarbon‚ oxygen must be in excess. If there isn’t sufficient oxygen‚ incomplete combustion occurs
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to a compound with a double or triple bond. The metal catalysts have different properties and there are different functional groups that each can reduce. Catalytic hydrogenation is the preferred method for reducing alkenes and alkynes. When you perform catalytic hydrogenation on alkenes the reaction is called an addition reaction. Addition reactions are when a reagent is added to the two carbons making up a pi-bond. In catalytic hydrogenation‚ the reagent is dihydrogen and it adds to the two carbons
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Please note that‚ except for the first four alkanes (n=1..4)‚ their chemical names can be derived from the number of C atoms by using Greek numerical prefixes denoting the number of carbons and the suffix "-ane". Formula | Name(s) | No. of Isomers | m.p. [°C] | b.p. [°C] | CH4 | methane (natural
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