Homoestatic plasticity Brain is not hard-wired but is constantly undergoing modifications to store information and adapt to changes in the environment. Nervous systems are thus faced with a fundamental problem: how to allow plastic mechanisms to shape their output and function‚ without compromising the stability and integrity of the underlying circuits that drive behavior. Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms that allow neurons to sense how active they are and to adjust their properties to maintain
Premium Neuron Action potential
I hypothesized that melatonin inhibits somatostatin at transcription level through inhibition of important somatostatin transcription factors. I collected data from primary and secondary literature to acquire information on the target tissues‚ receptors and cellular mechanisms of melatonin. I collected information about somatostatin with emphasis on the mechanisms of its expression. Results showed that melatonin inhibits transcription of somatostatin through inhibition of Cyclic-adenosine monophosphate
Premium Hypothalamus Endocrine system Hormone
Chapter 25-Urinary System Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate. =TRUE The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________. =by a decrease in the blood pressure An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density‚ which is ________. =1.001-1.035 Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney? =Nephron In which part of the kidney is reabsorption (1) dependent upon the body’s needs at
Free Kidney Nephron
neurotransmitter. Why would the closure of a potassium channel in the presynaptic axon terminal change the amount of Ca2︎ entering and change the amount of neurotransmitter released? Serotonin(5-HT) receptor on the sensory axon terminals is a G-protein-coupled metabotropic receptor. Stimulation of this receptor leads to the production of intracellular second messengers‚ cAMP‚ which activates protein kinase A. This enzyme phosphorylates various proteins‚ among which a potassium channel. Since potassium
Premium Neuron
This is an anesthetic that work to is antagonize‚ or inhibit the action of‚ the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor. The anesthesia that is induced is referred to as dissociative anesthesia. There is evidence that NMDA receptor antagonists can cause a certain type of brain damage‚ referred to as Olney’s Lesions in rodents‚ but this type of damage has not yet been found in adult humans. Although NMDA antagonists were
Premium Drug addiction Addiction Heroin
My response to Essay B will cover the main areas of the process of and the explanation of memory formation in the hippocampus. The essay will include the long-term potentiation‚ the hippocampal areas and the overall involvement of the glutamate receptors. I will cover the definitions of what these various areas are and tell about the process itself for how everything flows together. To start with‚ the hippocampus itself is essentially like a central hub in the brain that helps us process several
Premium Brain Psychology Nervous system
signal down the optic track to regions of the brain which process the information from the receptors and turn into a visual perception. Just like in any optical illusion‚ the image we are receiving of the world through light receptors in our eyes is not exactly the same as the image reaching our brains. Our retina is partially composed of many small nerves (which function as receptors of light); these receptors are arranged in rows on the inside of
Premium Brain Psychology Retina
are part of the body called sensory organs. 5. Changes or object that can detect by our senses are called stimuli. 6. The ability of the sensory organs to detect stimuli is called senses. 7. All the sensory organs are complete with sensory receptors‚ that is the nerve endings that can detect stimuli. Stimuli Sense Sensory organ Light(Brightness‚ colour) Sight Eye Sound Hearing Ear Touch‚ heat‚ cold‚ pain‚ pressure Touch Skin Sweet‚ sour‚ bitter‚ salty Taste Tongue Smell or odors
Premium Sense Sensory system Taste
An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry GRAHAM L. PATRICK Department of Chemistry‚ Paisley University Oxford New York Tokyo OXFORD U N I V E R S I T Y PRESS 1995 Oxford University Press‚ Walton Street‚ Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a trade
Premium Protein Amino acid
through the cells or through the air as a gas III. The Three Stages of Cell Signaling: A Preview 1. Reception. the target cell’s detection of a signaling molecule coming from outside the cell a. detected when the signaling molecules binds to a receptor protein located at the cell’s surface/interior 2. Transduction. converts the signal to a form that can bring about a specific cellular response 3. Response. may be almost any cellular activity
Premium Signal transduction