In experiment 5‚ distillation method was used to divide hexane and toluene from a mixture (50:50) of hexane and toluene. Hexane was separated from toluene and was observed from the gas chromatography‚ it showed that hexane increased from 0.0.873 to 0.886 moles. Once the mixture of toluene and hexane hit 70 degrees in the experiment‚ the distillate was used for the gas chromatography. Hexane was higher in the distillate stage. The first drop of condensation appeared at 79°C. The volume of the distillate
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ºC) and toluene (bp 110.6 ºC). Analysis via gas chromatography allowed us to determine the relative percentage of hexane and toluene at fractions near the beginning and end of our distillations. Relative percentages have been recorded in the table below‚ and our calculations are shown on page 5. Simple Distillation Retention time (s) Fractional Distillation Retention time (s) Cyclohexane Retention time (s) Toluene Retention time (s) Cyclohexane Retention time (s) Toluene Retention
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three different eluents‚ hexane‚ toluene‚ and acetone. The chromatography compared aniline‚ 2‚ 4-dinitrobromobenzene‚ and a sample from the mixture of the two reactants when the reaction first began to take place. Another thin layer chromatography used a product sample an hour after the reaction first began and the eluent that showed the best separation of molecules. Table of Rf Values Table of Rf Values | Aniline | Product | 2‚ 4-Dinitrobromobenzene | Toluene | 0.083 | 0.104 | 0.333 | 0.583
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Iodine Crystal Solvents: Distilled water Ethyl Alcohol Toluene Solutions Polar‚ Non-Polar or Ionic Attractive Forces NaCl + Distilled Water Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Distilled water Solvent-solvent NaCl + Ethyl Alcohol Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Ethyl Alcohol Solvent-solvent NaCl + Toluene Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Toluene Solvent-solvent Naphthalene + Distilled Water Solute Naphthalene
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process by which one liquid can be separated from another liquid‚ or a liquid from a nonvolatile solid. In this experiment‚ the distillations of cyclohexane and toluene mixture were carried out. The purpose of this experiment is to compare the efficiency of simple distillation versus fractional distillation for separation of a mixture of toluene and cyclohexane. The mixture was first separated using simple distillation. A simple distillation apparatus was set up and a Thermowell heater containing
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB 2: Separation of Organic Liquid Mixtures Introduction: In this experiment‚ a mixture of two compounds‚ cyclohexane and toluene‚ was separated into fractions by the techniques of simple and fractional distillation. The individual fractions that were gathered from the distillation were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and used to compare the efficiencies of the two different distillation techniques. The ultimate goal of this experiment was to determine whether simple
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Lab 1: Alkene Addition: Bromination of (E)-stilbene I. Introduction: 1. The purpose of the experiment was to perform an electrophilic addition reaction by using pyridinium tribromide to brominate (E)-stilbene and to identify whether it formed the meso- or racemic product through melting point analysis. 2. This is the mechanism for the bromination of (E)-stilbene. However‚ this is the mechanism for Br2 and in class we us Pyridinium Tribromide instead due to the difficulties associated
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1 Turpentine oil 2 Phenol 3 Toluene 4 BF-3 Acetate 5 Soda Ash Recipe Sr no Raw material In kg 1 Turpentine oil (pinene ) 1455 2 Phenol (100%) 430 3 toluene 900 4 BF-3 acetate 50 5 Soda ash 2 Water for washing 2000 kg TOTAL 2837 YIELD 1925 KG Terpene Phenolic Resin (Polymerization Reaction). Turpentine Oil/ + Phenol + BF3 Catalyst +Toluene Pinene (on 100% basis)
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is to convert toluene to nitrotoluene through the process of aromatic nitration. This is done by electrophilic aromatic substitution. The aromatic organic compound‚ toluene‚ is reacted under mild conditions with an electrophile‚ the nitronium ion‚ resulting in a product of nitrotoluene. Failure to use mild conditions may result in polynitration. Different reaction conditions were studied to understand the effect of nitrating agent concentrations on the results. Initially‚ toluene is combined
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more completely. The boiling point (bp) of our unknown compounds was taken from the flat regions of the fractional distillation curve. Our unknown mixture contained hexane (bp 69 ºC) and toluene (bp 110.6 ºC). Analysis via gas chromatography allowed us to determine the relative percentage of hexane and toluene at fractions near the beginning and end of our distillations. Relative percentages have been recorded in the table below‚ and our calculations are shown on page 5. Conclusion This week
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