Rb has a giant metallic structure. Larger amount of energy is needed to overcome the stronger electrostatic attraction between Rb+ and its mobile electrons than the weaker van der Waals’ forces between Kr atoms . Hence‚ boiling point of Rb is higher than that of Kr. b) AlF3 and PF3 AlF3 has a giant ionic structure and PF3 has a simple molecular/ covalent structure. Larger amount of energy is needed to overcome the stronger electrostatic attraction between Al3+ and F( ions in AlF3 than
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w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er SYLLABUS Cambridge IGCSE® Cambridge International Certificate* Chemistry 0620 For examination in June and November 2014 *This syllabus is accredited for use in England‚ Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate. University of Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their
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molecule or ion changing its oxidation state. This reaction can occur through the application of an external voltage or through the release of chemical energy. Oxidation and reduction Oxidation and reduction describe the change of oxidation state that takes place in the atoms‚ ions or molecules involved in an electrochemical reaction. Formally‚ oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. An atom or ion that gives
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melt with a candle and Bunsen burner. The substances were identified according to their properties. Paraffin wax was identified as a non-polar covalent solid‚ sucrose is a polar covalent‚ sodium chloride was acknowledged as an ionic solid‚ tin is a metallic solid‚ sand is a network covalent‚ unknown#1 is a non-polar covalent solid‚ unknown#2 is an ionic solid‚ and unknown#3 is a polar covalent solid. These conclusions were made based on their physical and chemical properties. Introduction Solid
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of carbon and zeolite‚ reducing chlorine (for taste and odor) and lead. In a Brita® Pitcher filter‚ activated carbon and ion exchange resin work together to filter out the following impurities‚ leaving you with healthier³‚ great-tasting drinking water: The Carbon reduces Chlorine. Ion Exchange Resin reduces metals: Copper‚ Cadmium‚ Mercury (health contaminants) & Zinc (metallic taste). In a Brita® Faucet filter‚ there is a two-step process. When you turn on your tap‚ water first passes through a
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References: 1. .D.M. Mattox‚ Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing‚ Noyes Publications‚ Westwood‚ 1998. 2. M. Ohring‚ The Material Science of Thin Films‚ Academic Press‚ San Diego‚ 1992. 3. O. Auciello‚ R. Kelly‚ Ion Bombardment Modification of Surfaces: Fundamentals and Applications‚ Elsevier Science Ltd‚ Amsterdam‚ 1984. 4. I. Petrov‚ P.B. Barna‚ L. Hultman‚ J.E. Greene‚ J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 21 (2003) S117. Technol. 122 (1999) 290. Technol. A 23 (2005) 18
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When you mix copper‚ silver‚ and nitrate together‚ you will end up with silver nitrate solution will turn blue (it has become copper nitrate). On the piece of copper‚ there would be a coating of solid silver. If a chemical reaction is going to be observed when chemicals are mixed‚ heated or any other means of altering the substance‚ then we will be able to predict the products formed. If it is observed that in the original versus the changed substance no new substances are formed‚ the change is reversible
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through or over deposit such as limestone; the level of Ca²⁻and Mg²⁺and HCO₃ ions present in the water can greatly increase and cause the water to be classified as hard water. This term results from the fact that cation and magnesium ions in water combine with soap molecules‚ making it hard to get suds. High level of water ion such as Ca²⁻ and Mg²⁺ can cause scaly deposits in plumbing appliances & boilers. These two ions also combine chemically with soap molecules resulting in decreased cleansing
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meets sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O Adding an acid to a base does not necessarily mean that the product is automatically neutralised. The strength of each of the reactants must be matched so that all the ions released by the acid find a place with the base. A strong acid with a weak base will result in an acidic salt‚ a weak acid with a strong base will result in a basic salt‚ while acids and bases of the same strength will neutralise
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General College Chemistry LabPaq / Published by: Hands-On Labs‚ Inc. sales@HOLscience.com / www.HOLscience.com / Toll Free 866.206.0773 A Laboratory Manual of Small-Scale Experiments for the Independent Study of General College Chemistry 50-0123-CK-02 LabPaq® is a registered trademark of Hands-On Labs‚ Inc. (HOL). The LabPaq referenced in this manual is produced by Hands-On Labs‚ Inc. which holds and reserves all copyrights on the intellectual properties associated with the LabPaq’s
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