INTRODUCTION A major obstacle in the successful treatment of cancer is the development of resistance mechanisms to drug treatment. Various cellular changes that have been implicated in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells include: the increased expressions of P-glycoprotein (a multidrug transport protein) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP-1); increased levels of the cellular detoxification protein‚ glutathione; and changes in the expression of apoptosis associated
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Now-a -days it has become possible to use the cell and tissue culture in the areas of research which have a potential for economic value and commercialization. The animal cell cultures are being extensively used in production of vaccines‚ monoclonal antibodies‚ pharmaceutical drugs‚ cancer research‚ genetic manipulations etc. Animal cells e.g. egg cells are used for multiplication of superior livestock using a variety of techniques like cloning of superior embryonic cells‚ transformation of cultured
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The 43-year old woman’s signs‚ symptoms and clinical tests lead to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). MM is classified as a malignant bone marrow neoplasia of a plasma cell‚ an activated B lymphocyte of hematopoietic stem cell linage. These monoclonal plasma cell secrete paraprotein‚ a protein found in the blood because of cancer or disease. In this case the plasma cell are secreting immunoglobin G (IgG) and free light chains. This can be detected via protein electrophoresis. These neoplasia’s
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(also plasma cell myeloma also known as MM‚ myeloma‚ plasma cell myeloma‚ or as Kahler’s disease) is a progressive hematologic (blood) disease. It is a cancer of the plasma cell‚ an important part of the immune system that produces immunoglobulins (antibodies) to help fight infection and disease. The immune system is made up of several types of cells that work together to fight infections. Lymph cells (called lymphocytes) are the main type of cell in the adaptive immune system. There are 2 types of
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Our antibody selection guide makes picking the right combination of antibodies easy. It takes into consideration the specimen species‚ the host species‚ the desired level of specificity‚ and cross-reactivity concerns‚ among other factors. The antibody selection guide will lead you to the best options for single-purpose antibodies or those that you will use in multiple applications. The right combination of antibodies targeted to strategic epitopes will bring
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min in water path (for dissotiation of HCV core antigen-antibody complex). Assay procedure 1. All reagents were leaved to reach room temperature before use‚ and then shacked thoroughly with no foam. 2. The number of strips required for the test was fixed on a plate holder. 3. Sample inactivation (dissotiation of HCV core antigen-antibody complex step). 4. 100 µL of inactivated sample and HCVcAg standard were added to Anti-HCVcAg Antibody Coated Plate. 5. The Plate was Covered and incubated
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SWOT Analysis Strengths Interestingly‚ the company claims that its core strength is derived from its outstanding portfolio of products‚ its global reach and‚ above all‚ the creativity and commitment of its employees. It has ten products each with global sales of over $1 billion i.e. products such as Nexium‚ Seroquel‚ Crestor‚ Arimidex and Symbicort (2005). The global reach of the company is also becoming strong‚ as it is starting to show signs of success in China‚ growing their business there
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cells. b. The Adaptive Immune System Mobilized by cues by cues from the innate the innate response‚ when response when innate processes are incapable are incapable of coping with an infection. This system eliminates pathogens by producing specific antibodies‚ which are effectors of humoral immunity; and the activation of T‐cells‚ ‐ which are effectors of cell‐mediated immunity. B. Abnormal Immune Responses INAPPROPRIATE responses can lead to tissue damage (e.g.‚ hypersensitivity) or reactivity against
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Biology 3 Spec: |BIOLOGY UNIT B3 Topic 1 Control systems | |1.1 Be able to demonstrate an understanding that cell metabolism leads to the build-up of waste products in the | |blood‚ including carbon dioxide and urea | |1.2 Know that urea is produced from the breakdown of excess amino acids in the liver and is removed by the | |kidneys
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Biology Revision Notes Biochemical Tests: Proteins - add biurettes reagent to the sample. If protein is present‚ clear colour change from blue to purple. Reducing Sugars – add Benedict’s reagent to the sample. Heat in Bunsen or water bath. If reducing sugars are present‚ clear colour changes from blue -> orange red precipitate. Lipids – dissolve sample in ethanol. Slowly pour the solution into the water slowly. If lipids are present a white emulation forms on the surface. Starch – add iodine
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