an oxidation- reduction reaction. • To determine the concentration of an unknown sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) solution by titrating it against standardized potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4). • To determine the percent by mass of Fe(II) in the form of ferrous ammonium sulfate Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2.6H2O in a mixture by redox titration. B. Theory: (electron transfer reactions) 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2MgO (s) 2Mg 2Mg2+ + 4e- O2 + 4e- 2O2- Oxidation half-reaction
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(VI) present in potassium dichromate will be determined using direct visible spectrophotometry. The calibration process is employed in this experiment since it is essential in every analytical procedure. The external calibration method will be done in the experiment. II. Objectives a. To determine the wavelength with maximum absorbance of chromium (VI) specie. b. To calculate the molar absorptivity of the different concentrations of potassium dichromate by applying the Beer’s
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Benzoin Synthesis * When two benzaldehyde molecules condense in the presence of thiamine‚ it leads to the formation of a molecule of benzoin. The thiamine behaves as a coenzyme catalyst. This step of the reaction involves the addition of ethanol and sodium hydroxide into an aqueous solution of thiamine hydrochloride and creating a reaction with pure benzaldehyde. When you heat this mixture to a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius for about 90 minutes and then cool it in an ice bath‚ the benzoin crystallizes
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HKCEE Chemistry 2007 Paper 1 Section A 1. A is a compound formed from oxygen and magnesium‚ while B is a compound formed from oxygen and fluorine. a) Draw the electronic diagram of A‚ showing electrons in he outermost shells only. (1) b) Draw the electronic diagram of B‚ showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (1) c) Compare the melting points of A and B. Explains your answer. Melting point of A is higher than that of B. Ions of A are linked by strong ionic bonds /
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Investigating Chemical Equilibrium Date: 30th April 2013 Due Date: 15th May 2013 Prepared For: M. Seraji Prepared by: Andrea Odunze Abstract Many reactions proceed to a state of equilibrium. A chemical reaction at equilibrium‚ where the rates of the forward reaction and reverse reaction are equal‚ looks like this: A + B AB There are three factors‚ according to Le Chatelier’s principle‚ that affect the equilibrium position and equilibrium constant. These are the concentrations of products
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ELEMENTS .These are EIGHT groups numbered I to VII with the final group 0. *Each element in a group has the SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN ITS OUTER SHELL- for elements in Groups I to VII‚ this number is the same as the group number. *The COMMON OXIDATION STATE (NUMBER) of elements in the Groups I toe *Going DOWN a group‚ each element has ONE MORE ELECTRON SHELL than the previous element. *Elements in the same group have SIMILAR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. *The METAL NATURE of elements INCREASES DOWN
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High Vol Petro Analysis Coal Analysis As Received Dry Basis % Moisture 7.52 xxxxxx % Ash 5.10 5.51 0.79 % Sul 0.86 %Volatile 37.35 34.54 Fixed Carbon 57.14 52.84 13‚522 BTU/lb 14‚622 MAF BTU 15‚475 FSI 7 Oxidation 96 ____________________________________________________________ ____________ CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS Date sampled: 09-Mar 11 MACERAL COMPOSITION VOLUME% REACTIVES V-Types 7 8 9 10 7.3 36.4 20.5 2.0 66.2 0.0 3.4 VITRINITE EXINITE RESINITE Semifusinite
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green Na Sodium Intense yellow P Phosphorus Pale bluish green Pb Lead Blue Rb Rubidium Red to purple-red Sb Antimony Pale green Se Selenium Azure blue Sr Strontium Crimson Te Tellurium Pale green Tl Thallium Pure green Zn Zinc Bluish green to whitish green Sources of error for the flame test: The test cannot detect low concentrations of most ions. The brightness of the signal varies from one sample to another. For example‚ the yellow emission from sodium is much
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Ordinary Level 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO SUPERVISORS For Question 1 Candidates will require the following. (a) Approximately 2.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid (HCl)‚ labelled P. Allow each candidate approximately 200 cm3. (b) Approximately 2.0 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide (80 g/dm3 NaOH)‚ labelled Q. Allow each
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the glass closer to the side of the heavier substance (HCl‚ M = 36.4611 g/mole; dAve = 10.8 cm). The agar-water gel set up was composed of a petri dish of agar-water gel containing three wells. Drops of potassium permanganate (KMnO4)‚ potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and methylene blue were simultaneously introduced to each well. Methylene blue‚ having the largest molecular weight‚ displayed the smallest diameter (18 mm) and diffused at the slowest rate (0.3668 mm/min.). Thus‚ the higher the molecular
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