31) QUALITY OF DRIED FOODS AND DETERIORATIVE REACTIONS DURING DRYING Consumer demand has increased for processed products that keep more of their original characteristics. In industrial terms‚ this requires the development of operations that minimize the adverse effects of processing. The effect of food processing on finished product quality ultimately determines the usefulness and commercial viability of that unit process operation. In the particular case of food drying this indicates that loss
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Lab activity 1: Effect of temperature‚ concentration‚ and pressure on equilibrium Introduction Our ongoing discussion has been on systems at dynamic equilibrium: for a reversible reaction‚ the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. What happens if equilibrium is disturbed? In this lab activity‚ we are going to examine the effect of changing reaction conditions on the position of equilibrium. Part I: Effect of temperature We will consider the equilibrium
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insoluble that they resist weathering and leahcing action in rainwater. Its common oxidation states is 2. Magnesium forms many compounds. The oxide‚ hydroxide‚ chloride‚ carbonate‚ and sulfate are commercially important. They are used in ceramics‚ cosmetics‚ fertilizers‚ insulation‚ leather tanning‚ and textile processing. Common Uses . The coating protects the metal‚ particularly magnesium‚ from further oxidation. This allows alloys of these metals to be used as low density structural materials
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Table of Contents Abstract ...2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................3 Theoretical Aspects 4 Affects of light intensities on plant photosynthesis measured by the amount of oxygen produced ..5 Experimental Aspects 6 Factors that Affect the rate of photosynthesis ...........7 Investigating
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KI masses‚ and the three volumes (from the three trials) needed to titrate the bleach Calculations (Data and Calculations Section in lab) 1. Use the equations given on the front page to determine the number of moles of sodium thiosulfate that are equivalent to one mole of sodium hypochlorite. 2. From your three trials‚ calculate the average volume of Na2S2O3 needed for the titration of 25.00mL of diluted bleach. 3. Use the average volume and the molarity of Na2S2O3 to determine the molarity of
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Surname Centre No. Initial(s) Paper Reference 4 3 3 5 Candidate No. 2 H Signature Paper Reference(s) 4335/2H Examiner’s use only London Examinations IGCSE Team Leader’s use only Chemistry Paper 2H Higher Tier Wednesday 17 June 2009 – Morning Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Nil Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above‚ write your centre number‚ candidate number‚ your surname
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purpose of this lab was to find the molar ratio of NaClO and an unknown substance labeled solution “B”. Using the method of continuous variation the ratio of the two solutions were changed but kept equal to 50 mL. The reaction was an exothermic oxidation-reduction and the temperature change was measured to determine which ratio of NaClO to solution “B” was optimal. The ratio with the highest temperature change was 40mL of NaClO to 10 mL of solution “B”. Once simplified‚ this means the ratio is 4:1
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Experiment 4 Guide Questions for Discussion Iron-Silver Equilibrium 1. Give the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction between Fe2+ and Ag+. What is the chemical formula of the gray precipitate? Answer: Fe2+(aq) + Ag+ (aq) Fe3+(aq) + Ag (s) The formula of the precipitate is Ag(s). 2. Give the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of Fe2+ with Fe(CN)63-. a. What is the chemical formula of the Prussian blue precipitate? b. How does
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N10/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX 88106105 CHEMISTRY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Thursday 11 November 2010 (afternoon) Candidate session number 0 1 hour 15 minutes 0 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Section A: answer all of Section A in the spaces provided. Section B: answer one question from Section B. Write your answers on answer sheets. Write your session number
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or shrink under various osmotic conditions (iso- vs. hyper- vs. hypotonic solutions). Draw on your lab experiments for practical application! Use key terminology to describe transport processes (i.e. the tonicity of the solution) Describe the sodium-potassium pump—what type of transport is this useful for? Compare endocytotic and exocytotic transport mechanisms in bulk transport. Metabolism Describe metabolism— (what are other words we have used for these processes? Define energy and use
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