physiological pH conditions. The pH-solubility profile of the test drug substance should be determined at 37 ± 1oC in aqueous media with a pH in the range of 1-7.5. A sufficient number of pH conditions should be evaluated to accurately define the pH-solubility profile. The number of pH conditions for a solubility determination can be based on the ionization characteristics of the test drug substance. For example‚ when the pKa of a drug is in the range of 3-5‚ solubility should be determined at pH = pKa‚
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The Ka and Molar Mass of a Monoprotic Weak Acid Chemistry Lab 152 Professor: James Giles November 7‚ 2012 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the pKa‚ Ka‚ and molar mass of an unknown acid (#14). The pKa was found to be 3.88‚ the Ka was found to be 1.318 x 10 -4‚ and the molar mass was found to be 171.9 g/mol. Introduction Acids differ considerable as to their strength. The difference between weak and
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balance with four decimal places. Q2. How is the pH meter calibrated? Ans. Firstly‚ The pH meter is calibrated by using the two buffer solutions of pH 7.0 and 4.0 which is prepared and placed into small beakers or flasks. After that Rinse the glass electrode with the distilled water using the squeeze bottle and wipe it with the soft tissue paper. Secondly‚ Switch on the pH meter and place the electrodes into the pH 7.0 buffer solution then correct the pH meter indication and note down the reading after
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can grow in an area. Testing soil for nutrients is a routine part of preparing soil for growth. The major macronutrients contained in soil are nitrogen‚ phosphorus‚ potassium‚ calcium‚ magnesium‚ and sulfur. -Ph is important because it affects the availability of plant food. Also‚ lower Ph levels allow harmful metals to become more soluble‚ reaching toxic levels to plants. -Phosphorus is essential for normal seed development and root formation. -Nitrogen is a major component of essential compounds
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any other form of precipitation like rain‚ fog‚ snow‚ or hail that contains harmful substances higher than normal amounts of such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides‚ that is unusually acidic‚ meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Acid rain is also called acid deposition because this term includes other forms of acidic precipitation such as snow. The acid deposition is occurs in two way which is wet deposition and dry deposition. It can have harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic
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90-94 100 W Standard Model □ EKOMILK-120 Standard 120 Model □ EKOMILK-М Fast Model □ EKOMILK-ULTRA Super Fast Model □ EKOMILK-ULTRA PRO High- speed Model MEASURE MODES ADDITIONAL □ COW milk □ SHEEP milk □ BUFFALO milk □ GOAT milk □ OTHERS □ PH □ CONDUCTIVITY □ DATA COLLECTION POWER SUPPLY □ 220V +10/-15% □ 110V +10/-15% TABLE OF CONTENTS EKOMILK-ULTRA ULTRASONIC MILK ANALYZERS - KEY FEATURE ........ 3 CONTROLS (ON THE FRONT AND REAR PANELS) ..................... 4 MAINS ..............
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temperature‚ pH‚ substrate concentration and enzyme concentration. As for temperature‚ it will affect the enzyme activity when there is a rise in temperature. When temperature increases‚ this will automatically increase the kinetic energy. This will then results in the increase of the rate of collision between the enzyme and substrate‚ but this effect is limited. The rate of reaction will increase up to a certain temperature. At this temperature‚ the enzyme activity is the greatest. Changes in pH will results
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Chapter 1 1. INTRODUCTION Fishing‚ serves as one of the primary source of food and living for many Filipinos due to the Philippines archipelagic location. Furthermore‚ the tourism industry has been providing jobs making many locals be dependent on the marine environment for their everyday living. La Union‚ the “Surfing Capital of the North” is known for its massive waves perfect for the water sport that is surfing. Likewise‚ it is also known to be involved in the fishing industry. Fishermen
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determined using a Fischer-Johns melting point apparatus. The acid then dissolved in separate beakers with 95% ethanol and water and titrated with 0.050 M NaOH‚ previously standardized with potassium hydrogen phthalate‚ through potentiometric titration. The pH after addition of base was measured and plotted against the volume of titrant added using three different plots. Results show a 61.0% yield and the melting point differed from the theoretical by a range of 3.11-6.83%. The pKa calculated was 2.865‚ differing
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(cuvette). Accordingly‚ the value for Є is constant for a specific chemical species at a given wavelength. In this experiment‚ indicator dyes are good candidates for analysis‚ in that‚ these substances give varied colors when subjected to different pH environments. Indicators dyes are
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