13 The Freundlich adsorption isothem Shake different concentrations of ethanoic acid with activated charcoal‚ filter and find the concentration of acid remaining in solution by titration with sodium hydroxide solution. Use data to calculate the Freundlich constants Extend to other acids such as methanoic‚ propanoic‚ ethanedioic acids Starter page Internet sources Project more suitable for students with a mathematical background 14 The
Premium Chemistry Thermodynamics Chemical reaction
differentiate between the four different types of chemical reactions. Variables: The independent variables are the sodium chloride‚ sodium carbonate‚ magnesium‚copper‚ copper (11) sulfate‚ silver nitrate‚ oxygen‚ lead(11) nitrate‚ sodium carbonate‚ copper (11) sulfate pentahydrate. The dependent variables are the chemical reactions that are being looked for. For example decomposition‚ synthesis‚ single displacement or double displacement of compounds or elements . Hypothesis: Part 1 : I believe that
Premium Chemical reaction
different factors such as light intensity‚ temperature‚ amount of water and amount of CO2. Thus‚ we are investigating effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in leaf discs by varying the light intensity‚ and fixing the amount of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and temperature. It is predicted that as the intensity of light increases‚ so will the rate of photosynthesis and the amount of oxygen produced. Reasearch question : How does different light intensity (distance
Premium
OBJECTIVE To determine the change of standard Gibbs free energy for the decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) from the change of standard enthalpy and the change of standard entropy. THEORY Free energy is a state function that expresses the spontaneity of a chemical process in term of enthalpy and entropy change of a system under conditions of constant temperature and volume (Hemholtz free energy) and constant temperature and pressure (Gibbs free energy). It is a quantity of non-pressure-and-volume
Premium Thermodynamics Energy Entropy
acid while the cation part comes from a base. Example: KCl‚ KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) KCl(aq) + H2O(l) A salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ion. H+ from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion‚ NH4+. Salts Nitrate salts Carbonate salts Chloride salts Soluble All nitrate salts Potassium carbonate‚ K2CO3 Ammonium carbonate‚ (NH4)2CO3 Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3 All chloride salts Except Sulphate salts All sulphate salts Except 2. Preparation and purification of soluble salts Lead (II)
Premium Solubility Sodium chloride Ammonia
properties 9.15 Transition elements 9.16 Noble gases 9 Metals 10.1 Properties of metals 10.2 Reactivity series 10.3 (a) Extraction of metals 10.3 (b) Uses of metals 10 Air and water 11 Sulphur 12 Carbonates 13 Organic chemistry 14.4 Names of compounds 14.5 Fuels 14.6 Homologous series 14.7 Alkanes 14.8 Alkenes 14.9 Alcohols 14.10 Acids 14.11 Macromolecules 14.8 (a) Synthetic polymers
Premium Oxygen Carbon dioxide
blasting in quarries‚ and damage to countryside from quarrying Limestone is made mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCo3) Some types of limestone are made of the remains of tiny animals and plants which lived in the sea millions of years ago We dig limestone out of the ground in quarries Its main use is as a building material/ in the manufacture of iron Powdered limestone + high temperature+ sand+ sodium carbonate= glass powdered limestone + powdered clay + heat= cement cement powder + water + sand +gravel=
Premium Calcium carbonate Carbon dioxide Oxygen
onion and vanilla extract. Onion has a characteristic smell. When a basic solution like sodium hydroxide is added To a cloth strip treated with onions then the smell cannot be detected‚ however an acidic solution does not destroy the smell of onion. Vanilla extract has a characteristic pleasant smell. If a basic solution like sodium hydroxide is added to it we cannot detect the characteristic smell of vanilla extract
Premium PH Acid Hydrochloric acid
This page intentionally left blank Copyright © 2008‚ New Age International (P) Ltd.‚ Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd.‚ Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form‚ by photostat‚ microfilm‚ xerography‚ or any other means‚ or incorporated into any information retrieval system‚ electronic or mechanical‚ without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to rights@newagepublishers.com ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2652-6
Premium PH Water PH indicator
Periodic Table: * Mass Number = protons + neutrons in the nucleus * Atomic Number = number of protons in the nucleus * Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number Example: Lithium (Li) * # of protons + # of neutrons = mass # * 3 + 4 = 6.9/ 7 * The atomic mass is the mean of all the isotopes of Lithium in nature; round the number * Isotopes of a specific element have a varying number of neutrons * The number
Premium Chemistry Acid PH