Experiment 11: Synthesis of Dibenzalacetone by the Aldol condensation Introduction: The Aldol condensation reaction‚ under basic conditions‚ involves the nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion to another carbonyl group. The resulting product‚ a beta-hydroxy ketone or aldehyde‚ is called an aldol because it contains both and aldehyde group and the hydroxy group of alcohol. Condensations‚ including aldol condensation‚ combine two or more molecules‚ typically with a loss of a smaller molecule (including
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formula and the molar mass of the compound. Benzene‚ for example‚ has an empirical formula of CH. In a molecule of benzene‚ the number of carbon atoms (C) and hydrogen atoms (H) are the same. The molar mass of benzene is 78.11 g/mol. We can determine the molecular formula of benzene by first calculating the molar mass of the empirical formula‚ which is 13.02 g/mol. We then determine the number of empirical units in a molecule by dividing the molar mass of benzene by the empirical molar mass: Number of
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The elemental and spectral analyses of synthesized compounds have been carried out at SAIF Punjab University‚ Chandigarh. The purity of compounds was checked on thin layers of silica gel in various non-aqueous solvent systems‚ e.g. benzene: ethylacetate (9:1)‚ benzene: ethylacetate (8:2). Molecular weight determinations were carried out by the Rast camphor method. Molar conductance measurements were made in anhydrous dimethylformamide at 25±5 °C using a Systronics conductivity bride model 305. The
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The Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Organic Chemistry Lab II March 19‚ 2012 Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize the Grignard reagent‚ phenyl magnesium bromide‚ and then use the manufactured Grignard reagent to synthesize the alcohol‚ triphenylmethanol‚ by reacting with benzophenone and protonation by H3O+. The triphenylmethanol was purified by recrystallization. The melting point‚ Infrared Spectroscopy‚ 13C NMR‚ and 1H NMR were used to characterize and confirm
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chemical benzene in small sample of bottles in North Carolina in 1990. The product was not pure and could also contain harmful substances more dangerous than tap water‚ creating a danger of product reputation collapse. Reports and statements were very inconsistent: FDA spokesperson said there was no health threat‚ while North Carolina Health Department said that there was a risk. Also‚ Perrier placed a paid advertisement stressing that there was no impurity and tests show traces of Benzene were too
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mL solution of 0.616 M HBr? Report your answer to the correct number of significant figures. 11. Write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of benzene‚ C6H6. 12. If the standard heat of combustion of benzene is –3271 kJ/mol‚ [(CO2(g)] = –394 kJ/mol‚ and [H2O(l)] = –286 kJ/mol‚ calculate the standard heat of formation of benzene. Report your answer to the correct number of significant figures. 13. If a gas sample absorbs 59 kJ of heat
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The modern environmental justice movement began in the mid- 20th century‚ when the country realized that the environment needed help. This movement throughout the last several decades has evolved from protecting woodland areas from deforestation to protection against the gas industry. Hydraulic fracturing is the process by which natural gas is extracted from the earth’s shales. The process begins with drilling through several layers of the earth‚ like the freshwater aquifer. Next‚ water with
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY GUIDELINES FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NON-MAJORS CHEM 181 By Dr. Haythem Ali Saadeh Fall‚ 2012 Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY for Non-Majors Course Number: CHEM 181 Prerequisite: General Chemistry Credit Hours: 2 Cr. Hrs. (comprises of 2 hrs. lecture per week) Course Instructor: Dr. Haythem Ali Saadeh h.saadeh@uaeu.ac.ae Textbook: “Organic Chemistry: A Short Course” By
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TUTORIAL 1: STK1503 BENZENE AND AROMATIC 1. Draw structures corresponding to the names given. a. m-fluoronitrobenzene b. p o-chlorophenol c. o-chlorophenol d. 3‚5-dimethylbenzoic acid e. 1-phenyl-3-methylpentane 2. Provide correct IUPAC names for each of the following compounds. a. NO2 CH3 b. c. CH3 d. NH2 H2N CH3 e. Ph C H3 C C CH2CH2CH3 Ph 3. For each molecule below‚ predict whether the molecule would be expected to show aromatic character or not. Explain your answer
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Objective The objective of this experiment is to perform a steam distillation using a microscale distillation apparatus and isolate a natural product from cloves. Introduction By performing steam distillation we can isolate eugenol at lower temperature than its usual boiling point of 248 degree Celsius. Eugenol belongs to a category called essential oil. Many of these compounds are used as flavoring and perfumes and in the past were considered the essence of plant from which they were derived
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