Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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Biomolecule BCH 3101 Thermodynamics of Biological Systems • Movement‚ growth‚ synthesis of biomolecules‚ and the transport of ions and molecules across membranes all requires energy. • All organisms acquire energy from their surroundings and utilize that energy efficiently to carry out life processes. • In order to study these bio-energetic phenomena we will require knowledge of thermodynamics. BCH3101 1 • Thermodynamics: defined as a collection of laws and principles describing the flows and
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Exopolymeric substances are required for Calcium carbonate precipitation Abstract: Introduction: Different minerals precipitation by microbes is a common phenomenon‚ and carbonates are most common mineral formed. Many micro-organisms are having the ability in undergoing the process of mineralization‚ although different minerals have been precipitated by microbes which include carbonates‚ sulphates‚ silicates etc [1]. Amongst all these‚ carbonates are the most common minerals formed. Carbonate precipitation
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Response: “After sealing the bottle with a butyl rubber stopper and an aluminum crimp‚ the bottle was purged with pure nitrogen (for 10 min) to obtain anaerobic conditions.” This explanation is added to the revised manuscript. (Page 8‚ line 13-15) Comment 14: Page 8: Explain if pH was controlled during fermentation. In any case‚ do a reference in the result section to the pH at the end of fermentation Response: The pH was not directly controlled during the fermentation. In the line with typical
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Also‚ to understand that the rate of the reaction can be saturated and it depends on the concentration of the substrate (when [S] [E]). Specifically‚ we studied the kinetics of the enzyme lactase which is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose sugar into glucose and galactose as shown in the following reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O12 + C6H12O12 Lactose is the disaccharide found in milk‚ and it requires lactase enzyme
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Rhoda James 10/22/2012 Common Substances in Living Systems Water is the most abundant substance in living cells; approximately 60% to 80%. Water molecules are polar‚ it determines why ionic bonded molecules dissociate in water. Hydrolysis is when water breaks down larger molecules of food during digestion. Water is considered to be a universal solvent. Water is also important for the transport of materials like hormones and enzymes within the blood plasma. Water helps to stabilize body temperature
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Despite the greatly limited scope of the universe‚ people have spent centuries searching for the explanations to how life existed on this planet. Indeed‚ the atomic structures that form the basis of matter still must exist in order to develop life‚ but what significant atomic structures are there to make this happen? Respectively‚ a much broader scale can be utilized to assemble the main components for life‚ which they are called macromolecules. Macromolecules are very large molecular structures
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B‚ D‚ D‚ B‚ B‚ C‚ C‚ B‚ C‚ C‚ C‚ C‚ C‚ A‚ D‚ B‚ C‚ A‚ D Amylase -drawing- Hydrolysis i) Digestion ii) Absorption 1. Reduces cholesterol level in the blood 2. Does not cause coronary heart disease It cannot be digested E i) 2 hours ii) stomach It has an acid resistant coat‚ hence the acid in the stomach will not be able to dissolve its coat and the drug will not be released. It also has a permeable coat which tends to stick to the mucus‚ hence it will move down the alimentary
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natural and synthesized forms. Esters are present in a variety of common compounds‚ from fragrances to animal fat (McMurry‚ 2008). Although these esters can undergo many different important reactions‚ this lab is particularly interested in the hydrolysis of esters into carboxylic acids and alcohols. Companies such as Dove‚ Palmolive‚ Dial‚ and many others owe their success to this specific reaction because the carboxylic acid produced in this reaction is soap. As such‚ this process is also commonly
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it is the addition of the GGGTTA sequence by telomerase. In transcription‚ it is the addition of the poly-A tail. Both processes used nucleotides as the language on which the daughter strands come from. Replication and transcription involve the hydrolysis of a phosphodiesterase bonds to begin their process. Both processes take place in the nucleus. Differences between PCR and Bacterial DNA replication Feature in Bacteria Feature in PCR Place for DNA polymerase to attach to DNA strand RNA primers
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