The bonding of an enzyme to its substrate forms an enzyme-substrate complex. The catalytic action of the enzyme converts its substrate into the product or products of the reaction. Each reaction is extremely specific‚ distinguishing between closely related compounds‚ including isomers. For example‚ the enzyme sucrase will only act on sucrose and will not bind to any other disaccharide. The molecular recognition of enzymes is due to the fact that they are proteins‚ which are defined as being macromolecules
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DIGESTION Cooking vs. Digestive Processes Cooking Processes: Grilling Microwaving Frying Roasting Barbeque Boiling Steaming Poaching Digestive Processes: Ingestion Propulsion Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion Absorption Defecation Salivary Digestion SALIVARY DIGESTION Salivary Glands the salivary glands are a collection of accessory organs surrounding the mouth that secrete a fluid called saliva. Saliva consists of 99.5 % water and 0.5 % solutes. medium for dissolving
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using chymotrypsin‚ pepsin and trypsin to improve the solubility and functionality of milk protein concentrates. With the pH levels adjusted the powdered milk was hydrated and then it was mixed with the aforementioned enzymes during the experiment. To provide 1g of enzyme for every 100 g of protein the enzyme solutions were added that was being hydrolyzed. The results of the study was that the milk protein concentrate hydrolysis with chymotrypsin‚ pepsin and trypsin and led to improved solubility
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AN ASSIGNMENT ON CELL CULTURE [pic] ASSIGNED BY | | | |Dr. Md. Bahanur Rahman |Dr. Sukumar Saha | |Professor |Associate Professor | |Dept. of Microbiology and Hygiene
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Biology Form Four Digestion Digestion is the process by which food is broken down from complex insoluble substances into simple soluble substances. There are two types of digestion – chemical digestion and mechanical digestion. Mechanical digestion involves breaking up large pieces of food into smaller pieces. This provides a large surface area for the action of enzymes on food. There is no change to the chemical composition of food during mechanical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs in
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regulation of energy‚ there are millions of enzymes and hundreds of enzymes have been identified in the human body as well. All living system possess enzymes as vital components of the body‚ enzymes are found in all organisms. Everyone has a natural pH balance in the body. Enzymes are complex proteins which speed up chemical reactions if this did not happen it would occur to slowly for us to survive. They are involved in breaking down large molecules in to smaller ones or they can build up smaller
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+ E Enzyme is not used up in the reaction (unlike substrates) Changes in pH Affect attraction between substrate and enzyme and therefore efficiency of conversion process Ionic bonds can break and change shape / enzyme is denatured Charges on amino acids can change‚ ES complex cannot form Optimum pH pH 7 for intracellular enzymes Acidic range (pH 1-6) in the stomach for digestive enzymes (pepsin) Alkaline range (pH 8-14) in oral cavities (amylase) Increased Temperature Increases speed
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mechanism. It is hypothesized that a greater concentration of product is achieved through an increased substrate concentration. P-nitroaniline (p-na) is produced from Nα-Benzoyl-DL-Arginine p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPA) with the aid of the enzyme trypsin. Analyzing the initial reaction rates that were calculated from p-na concentration in different test tubes which contained varying concentrations of BAPA‚ the relative contribution of substrate availability on initial reaction rate was accessed.
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ammonia Some fertilisers added to soils to help crop growth contain urea. Although some crop plants can absorb ammonium ions‚ most obtain their source of nitrogen as nitrate ions. The activity of urease can be measured by following the increase in pH as ammonia is produced in the reaction. A student was provided with urease extracted from bacteria and solutions of urea and two chemical inhibitors‚ thiourea and lead nitrate. The student prepared six reaction mixtures (1 to 6) as shown in Table
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ATCC® PRIMARY CELL Culture Guide tips and techniques for culturing primary cells The Essentials of Life Science Research Globally Delivered™ Table of Contents ATCC® Primary Cell Solutions®...........................................................................1 ATCC Primary Human Endothelial Cell Solutions.............................................5 ATCC Primary Human Smooth Muscle Cell Solutions.......................................9 ATCC Primary Human Epithelial Cell Solutions........
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