IB Chemistry SL 2013-2015 Taewoong Moon Oxidation- Reduction Reactions- Design Lab Experiment Question: In oxidation-reduction reactions‚ or redox reactions‚ are strengths of reducing and oxidizing agents different from each reaction? Theory of an experiment: 1. Determine the relative strengths of oxidizing agents and reducing agents. 2. Study some simple oxidation-reduction reactions Hypothesis: Relative strengths of reducing and oxidizing agents differ from each reaction. Background Information:
Free Oxidizing agent
The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes Enzymes are Effective Biological Catalyst Catalysis- speeds up metabolism to allow production of products. Enzymes- Highly specific and most efficient catalyst that speeds up metabolism or rate of reaction in organisms by factor up to 10^20 (globular proteins) Nonenzymatic catalyst- enhance by 10^2 -10^4 Ribozymes- acts for catalytic activity in RNA’s Kinetics versus Thermodynamics Standard free energy change- difference between the energies of the reactants
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ABSTRACT: The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction is the attack of a benzene ring on an electrophilic species resulting in the substitution of a proton with a functional group. The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction nitration is used to nitrate methyl benzoate and acetanilide with a nitronium ion. Crystallization was used to purify the product. The melting point was used to determine its purity and the regiochemistry of the products. The methyl benzoate reaction product‚ methyl
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N2 N: 0 c. Zn(OH)42- Zn: 2+‚ H: +1‚ O: -2 d. NO2- N: +3‚ O: -2 e. LiH Li: +1‚ H: -1 f. Fe3O4 Fe: +8/3‚ O: -2 Identify the species being oxidized and reduced in each of the following reactions: a. 2 Cr+ + Sn4+ Cr3+ + Sn2+ Cr+: oxidized‚ Sn4+: reduced b. 3 Hg2+ + 2 Fe (s) 3 Hg2 + 2 Fe3+ Hg2+: reduced‚ Fe: oxidized c. 2 As (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) 2 AsCl3 As: oxidized‚ Cl2: reduced Would you use an oxidizing agent or reducing agent in order for the following
Free Oxidizing agent Carbon dioxide Hydrogen
Experiment 14: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane Goal: To prepare 1-Bromobutane by the SN2 reaction from 1-Butanol with Sodium Bromide and Sulfuric Acid. Mechanism: Procedure: 1. Place 27g of NaBr‚ 20mL of n-butyl alcohol‚ and 30mL of water into a 250mL round bottom flask. 2. Put the mixture in an ice-water batch and cool briefly‚ then slowly add 23 mL of conc H2SO4 while stirring with a magnetic stirrer. 3. Place a water-cooled condenser and heat the flask until the mixture boils while
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In this experiment you will determine the nucleophile strength of bromide ion vs. chloride ion in their reaction with 1-butanol in acidic solution. The reaction is shown below. The reagents are a convenient source of HBr and HCl. The reaction is an SN2 reaction with H2O as the leaving group and Cl- and Br- as the nucleophiles. The molar amounts of Cl - and Br- are equal‚ so the better nucleophile will lead to more product. You will analyze the amounts of 1-bromobutane and 1-chlorobutane by GC and
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Weinberger POSTLAB 1. Show the mechanism for the dehydration of -tetralol under conditions employed in the lab. Show all intermediates‚ and show electron flow with arrows. 2. What general mechanism most likely applies to this reaction (SN2‚ E2 etc)? E1 3. Why was acid employed in this reaction? The acid was used to protonate the leaving group (OH) to form water which is a much better leaving group than OH. 4. What role does the aromatic ring play in both intermediate and product
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The purpose of the experiment was to perform an electrophilic addition reaction by the bromination of cinnamic acid. The product of this reaction is 3-Phenyl-2‚3-dibromo propionic acid‚ which is purified by recrystallization. Cinnamic acid (3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid) is an unsaturated carboxylic acid. The electron rich π cloud (see Figure 1) in the double bond of this structure is nucleophilic and can be considered a Lewis base. It can therefore be saturated by the addition of a halogen to the double
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the CO2 supercritical drying process. They found that the PAN hybrid was very much more mechanically stable than pure chalcogel‚ even though the as-made chalcogels adsorbed iodine more quickly‚ and more effectively. The sorbents that contained more Sn2 S3 took in more iodine than others with a lower concentration of this. This is because PAN’s contribution to iodine capture is very low‚ so it makes sense that if there is more PAN‚ you will have a more stable structure but less effective iodine capture
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The Wittig reaction is a unique reaction that can be carried out in various ways as our prompt exemplifies. We will be primary focusing on the second of the three schemes. In The usual formation of an ylide occurs via Sn2 attack of a PR3 group on an alkyl halide‚ which is then followed by a strong base deprotonating of one of the hydrogens on the methyl which the PR3 attacked. Before we dive into the details of the reaction occurring in scheme 2 it will be important to understand the mechanism which
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