NCKH
I. OUTLINE
1. Introduction
a. Scope and importance of equivalence in translation
b. Selection of sources
c. Criteria of evaluating source
d. Purpose: to compare and contrast the previous studies to get new findings
2. Body
a. Key concepts: Definition equivalence
b. Overview
a. Characteristics of the themes
b. Translation skills
c. Factors (subjective/objective)
c. Analyze
a. Participants
b. Similarities
Review source A
Review source B
c. Differences (gaps/flaws)
Review source C
Review source D
d. Factors affecting equivalence in translation
e. Measures to find equivalence
II. Statement of the problem and rationale for the study There is no doubt that throughout history, written and spoken translations have played an increasingly crucial role in interhuman communication as well as in access to precious literature from different groups of foreign languages around the world. As a consequence, translators are given not only greater importance but also bigger challenges. With regard to the latter, equivalence in translation is one of the central issues resulting in considerable obstacles for a large number of translators in general and students majoring in English linguistics in particular. So far, there is not yet any fixed rules of equivalence to be applied in specific texts, in reality, the equivalence is used 'for the sake of convenience—because most translators are used to it rather than because it has any theoretical status' (quoted in Kenny, 1998:77). In addition, Havey and Higgins (1992, pp.22) points out that: “ The difficulty associated with the notion of achieving equivalent effect in translation is that it implies the translator is attempting, in accordance with our definition above, to reproduce in the TT the ‘same’effect achieved in the ST. This is problematic, clearly, since the effect varies across individuals, or even upon the same individual at different times,[...]the only effect translators can truly know is that
1. Introduction
a. Scope and importance of equivalence in translation
b. Selection of sources
c. Criteria of evaluating source
d. Purpose: to compare and contrast the previous studies to get new findings
2. Body
a. Key concepts: Definition equivalence
b. Overview
a. Characteristics of the themes
b. Translation skills
c. Factors (subjective/objective)
c. Analyze
a. Participants
b. Similarities
Review source A
Review source B
c. Differences (gaps/flaws)
Review source C
Review source D
d. Factors affecting equivalence in translation
e. Measures to find equivalence
II. Statement of the problem and rationale for the study There is no doubt that throughout history, written and spoken translations have played an increasingly crucial role in interhuman communication as well as in access to precious literature from different groups of foreign languages around the world. As a consequence, translators are given not only greater importance but also bigger challenges. With regard to the latter, equivalence in translation is one of the central issues resulting in considerable obstacles for a large number of translators in general and students majoring in English linguistics in particular. So far, there is not yet any fixed rules of equivalence to be applied in specific texts, in reality, the equivalence is used 'for the sake of convenience—because most translators are used to it rather than because it has any theoretical status' (quoted in Kenny, 1998:77). In addition, Havey and Higgins (1992, pp.22) points out that: “ The difficulty associated with the notion of achieving equivalent effect in translation is that it implies the translator is attempting, in accordance with our definition above, to reproduce in the TT the ‘same’effect achieved in the ST. This is problematic, clearly, since the effect varies across individuals, or even upon the same individual at different times,[...]the only effect translators can truly know is that