Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………3 Chapter 1. Lexical problems of translation…………………………………… 1.1 Complete lexical correspondences……………………………………… 1.2 Partial lexical correspondences…………………………………………. 1.3 Absence of lexical correspondences…………………………………… Chapter 2. Lexical difficulties of translation ………………………………….. 2.1 Types of lexical transformations……………………………………… 2.2 Translation of words having no correspondence in TL……………… Conclusion…………………………………………………………………
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Mona Baker’s equivalence typology 1. Equivalence at word level- the meaning of single words and expressions; 2. Equivalence above word level- explores combinations of words and phrases (stretches of language); 3. Grammatical equivalence- deals with grammatical categories; 4. Textual equivalence- discusses the text level (word order‚ cohesion‚ etc.); 5. Pragmatic equivalence- how texts are used in communicative situations that involves variables such as writers‚ readers‚ and cultural
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associates words of language L1 with words of L2 in offering two word lists: * one list of L1 words‚ accompanied by their equivalents in L2‚ * one list of L2 words‚ accompanied by their equivalents in L1. (Online 2) A systematic approach to the study of what a bilingual dictionary does and how it does it must take account of the following aspects of the entry: * function of that information (what the user can use it for) * mode of expression (how it is expressed) * type of user (Source
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Simultaneous Interpreting and Its Challenges About Simultaneous Interpreting In written translation‚ the classification between the types of translation is made according to the nature of the text to be translated. In oral translation‚ or in interpretation‚ the classification between the types of interpretation is made by the time period between the utterance of the original message and the translation or the interpretation. According to this classification‚ we have two types of interpretation:
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The narrative mawwāl is rarely sung without music accompanying it. Music is an essential element in the structure of the mawwāl as it contributes to the expression of different situations with which the mawwāl teems and reflects the general image the mawwāl portrays. Mawwāl is characterized by nonlinear musical structure where the singer/narrator is free to improvise; such improvisation occurs whenever he raises his voice. The beat of the mawwāl is said not to be evident (الموال في الغناء العربي);
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job training which is done by students in a company or an institution should be the in line with the mainstream chosen by the student. There are four mainstreams in the English Department of Sebelas Maret University; they are translation‚ linguistic‚ literature and american Study. As the student of regular program of English Department‚ the writer decides to have the job training in Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Solo. This place is chosen due to some considerations. The first consideration is
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deliberately mistranslated the treaty‚ therefore there was no settlement on what exactly was agreed to between the Pakeha and Maori. Two of the main subjects of conflict due to the translation of the treaty was that Henry Williams had translated sovereignty to ‘Kawanatanaga’ many believed that the correct translation should have been ‘Mana’. Many believed that Henry Williams knew that if he had used ‘Mana’ then the Maori chiefs would never have signed the treaty. By using the word Kawanatanga this
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STUDY GUIDE: MODULE 1 As you read this week’s textbook reading assignments‚ take notes in response to these questions and statements. This study guide will help you to prepare for your quiz. Fee and Stuart. 1. Know: Hermeneutics is the art and science‚ or as some would say the theory and practice‚ of interpretation. It is the art and science (theory and practice) of interpretation 2. What do they say is the aim of a good interpretation? What is not the aim? The aim of good interpretation
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would be the bus with number 29 which she meant. In the translation‚ a 29 is translated into bus nomor 29‚ the meaning is transferred explicitly by giving additional information of bus nomor in the TLT. The data have to be translated explicitly into the TLT‚ if not it would raise confusion of the TL readers because it is not familiar to refer a bus by only saying its number in the TL. By giving an additional information‚ the translation is having gain of information in the TLT. Data 9 SLT
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theoretical bases of translation for transfer of communicative function of the original and to observe such criteria of the advertising text as compactness‚ laconicism‚ brevity‚ accuracy‚ concreteness. Always it is necessary to remember a main purpose of the advertising text – to draw attention and to raise interest. Because of specificity of advertisement‚ the text should not be translated literally as in that case it can lose its meaning and force of the influence. Translation of advertising texts
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